目的 评价纤维乳管镜检查对乳头溢液病因的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析3 427例纤维乳管镜诊断和其中1 789例行手术治疗后的病理诊断。结果 3 427例乳头溢液病例接受乳管镜检查，发现乳管内新生物（良、恶性）2 051例；接受手术良性新生物者1 532例，病理诊断为中央型和周围型导管内乳头状瘤者1 176例；接受手术恶性新生物者80例，病理诊断为乳腺癌者52例。纤维乳管镜对中央型和周围型导管内乳头状瘤的诊断符合率为76.76%，对乳腺癌的诊断符合率为83.87%。结论 纤维乳管镜对乳头溢液病因的诊断具有一定的准确性，可作为临床对乳头溢液患者较好的检查方法。

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of breast fiberoptic ductoscopy for the diagnosis of nipple discharge. Methods Diagnoses of 3 427 cases of nipple discharge by fiberoptic ductoscopy and pathological diagnoses of 1 789 cases of them undergoing surgical treatments were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 3 427 cases of nipple discharge examined by fiberoptic ductoscopy, there were 2 051 cases of intraductal neoplasm (benign or malignant). A total of 1 532 patients with benign neoplasm undergoing surgery and 1 176 of them were pathologically diagnosed with central or peripheral intraductal papilloma. There were 80 patients with malignant neoplasm undergoing surgery and 52 of them were pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer. The coincidence rate of diagnosis of central or peripheral intraductal papilloma and breast cancer by fiberoptic ductoscopy was 76.76% and 83.87%, respectively. Conclusion Diagnosis of nipple discharge by fiberoptic ductoscopy has a certain accuracy and is a good examination method for patients with nipple discharge.