目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌患者术后131I治疗住院时间的相关问题。方法 以38例甲状腺切除术后行131I治疗的甲状腺乳头状癌患者为研究对象，分为低剂量治疗组25例（治疗剂量为3.7 GBq）和高剂量治疗组13例（治疗剂量＞3.7 GBq）。分别测量患者服药后48、72 h 1 m距离处的放射性辐射剂量，同时以0.37 GBq的¹³¹I作为参考放射源。结果 低剂量治疗组和高剂量治疗组服药后48 h放射性辐射剂量差异有统计学意义（t=2.244，P=0.039）。所有患者服药后72 h的放射性辐射剂量均低于参考源，9例患者（低剂量治疗组3例，高剂量治疗组6例）服药后48 h的放射性辐射剂量高于参考源，且两组差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.520，P=0.040）。服药后放射性辐射剂量与年龄及血清Tg、TgAb、TSH水平无相关性。结论 甲状腺乳头状癌患者行131I治疗后72 h的放射性辐射剂量迅速下降，且明显低于国家规定的0.37 GBq的辐射剂量，可出院后自行隔离。大剂量¹³¹I治疗的患者，服药后48 h的放射性辐射剂量较高。

Objective To investigate the length of hospitalization for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma undergoing ¹³¹I treatment after bilateral thyroidectomy. Methods A total of 38 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent ¹³¹I treatment after bilateral thyroidectomy were selected and divided into the low-dose treatment group (n=25, therapeutic dose=3.7 GBq) and high-dose treatment group (n=13, therapeutic dose>3.7 GBq). The radioactive exposure doses of all patients at 48 h and 72 h after ¹³¹I administration and reference source (0.37 GBq) were measured at a distance of 1 m. Results The difference of radioactive exposure doses of two groups at 48 h after ¹³¹I administration was statistically significant (t=2.244, P=0.039). The radioactive exposure doses of all patients at 72 h after ¹³¹I administration were lower than that of reference source. The radioactive exposure doses of 9 patients (3 from low-dose group and 6 from high-dose group) at 48 h after ¹³¹I administration were higher than those of reference source and the difference of two groups was statistically significant (χ²=5.520, P=0.040). The radioactive exposure doses after ¹³¹I administration did not correlate with age and levels of Tg, TgAb, and TSH in serum. Conclusion The radioactive exposure doses of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma at 72 h after ¹³¹I treatment decrease rapidly and are significantly lower than the national criterion of 0.37 GBq, so patients can be discharged from hospital and perform self-isolation. The radioactive exposure doses of patients at 48 h after high dose ¹³¹I treatment are relatively high.