miRNA是一种非编码的小分子RNA，能通过结合于靶mRNA的3′UTR区域对其进行转录后调节或者影响其稳定性，从而参与多种生物学功能，如发育、分化、增殖、细胞凋亡及代谢等。近年大量研究发现miRNA水平的失调可以引起多种疾病，如心血管疾病、癌症、肺动脉高压（PH）等。现对miRNA在PH形成过程中的作用以及作为诊断PH的生物标志和治疗靶点的相关研究进展作一综述。

The miRNAs are non-coding small molecule RNA that regulate target mRNAs on the post-transcriptional level or affect their stability by binding to the 3′UTR region of target mRNAs, and thus participate in a variety of biological functions, such as development, differentiation, cell apoptosis, and metabolism. In recent years, a lot of studies found that the imbalance of miRNA levels can cause a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and pulmonary hypertension (PH), etc. This paper reviews research progresses of the effects of miRNAs on the development of PH and being used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic target of PH.