目的  探讨人类白细胞抗原HLA-DRB1等位基因多态性与新疆地区维、汉族鼻咽癌发病的关系。方法  采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物（PCR-SSP）技术，对55例汉族、41例维族鼻咽癌患者与62名汉族、35名维族健康者作为对照进行HLA-DRB1位点基因分型，比较两组间等位基因频率分布差异。结果  ①汉族鼻咽癌组DRB1*08基因频率高于健康对照组（P<0.05），DRB1*11、DRB1*15基因频率低于健康对照组（P<0.05），P值经Bonferroni校正后，HLA-DRB1位点基因频率差异均无统计学意义（Pc>0.05）。②维族鼻咽癌组与健康对照组HLA-DRB1位点基因频率差异无统计学意义（Pc>0.05）。③汉族鼻咽癌组DRB1*08、DRB1*09、DRB1*12基因频率高于维族鼻咽癌组（P<0.05），DRB1*07、DRB1*13基因频率低于维族鼻咽癌组（P<0.05）。经Bonferroni校正后DRB1*07 （Pc=0.002）、DRB1*08（Pc=0.009）、DRB1*09（Pc=0.039）基因频率差异具有统计学意义。结论  新疆维、汉族鼻咽癌患者HLA-DRB1位点等位基因频率存在差异；HLA-DRB1位点基因多态性与新疆维、汉族鼻咽癌发病可能无相关性。

Objective  To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-DRB1 alleles and the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) of Han and Uygur people in Xinjiang. Methods  Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) technique was adopted to detect the allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1 for 55 Han patients with NPC, 41 Uygur patients with NPC, 62 Han healthy controls, and 35 Uygur healthy controls. The difference of distribution of allele frequencies between patients and controls were compared. Results  ①The allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*08 of Han patients with NPC was higher than that of controls (P<0.05) and the allele frequencies of DRB1*11 and DRB1*15 were lower than those of controls (P<0.05). After P was corrected by Bonferroni correction, the difference of allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1 were not statistically significant (Pc>0.05). ②The difference of allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1 between Uygur patients with NPC and controls were not statistically significant (Pc>0.05). ③The allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1*08, DRB1*09, and DRB1*12 of Han patients with NPC were higher than those of Uygur patients with NPC (P<0.05) and the allele frequencies of DRB1*07 and DRB1*13 were lower than those of Uygur patients with NPC (P<0.05). After Bonferroni correction, the differences of allele frequencies of DRB1*07 (Pc=0.002), DRB1*08 (Pc=0.009), and DRB1*09 (Pc=0.039) were statistically significant. Conclusion  The allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1 of Han patients with NPC are different from those of Uygur patients with NPC in Xinjiang. Polymorphism of HLA-DRB1 alleles may not correlate with the incidence of NPC of Han and Uygur people.