目的  采用高果糖、高脂、复合高果糖饲料构建小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型，探讨最佳饮食结构。方法  将60只C57BL/6J 雄性小鼠随机分为高果糖组、高脂组、复合组和对照组，比较造模4、8和12周各组间一般情况、肝功能、脂质代谢、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）和病理学改变的差异。结果  与对照组比较，造模组小鼠各时间点体质量、肝湿重和Lees指数均明显升高（P<0.01）；12周时复合组体质量增长较高脂及高果糖组更明显（P<0.05）；H-E染色显示：造模组均有不同程度肝脏脂肪变，仅复合组肝小叶内见明显的炎症细胞浸润；血清检测结果显示：12周时复合组和高脂组总胆固醇、三酰甘油明显增高；复合组谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、TNF-α、IL-6水平较高脂组、高果糖组升高明显。结论  12周的高脂、高糖饮食可成功构建适用于脂肪性肝炎研究的小鼠模型。

Objective  To establish the mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high fructose diet, high fat diet, and compound high fructose diet and explore the best diet structure. Methods  A total of 60 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the high fructose group, high fat group, compound group, and control group. Differences of basic data, liver function, lipid metabolism, TNF-α, IL-6, and pathological changes of groups were compared after the model was established for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results  Compared with the control group, the body weight, wet liver weight, and Lee’s index of other groups were significantly higher (P<0.01). The increase of body weight of the compound group was more significant than that of the high fat group and high fructose group after 12 weeks (P<0.05). H-E staining indicated that except the control group, mice of other three groups had different degrees of macrosteatosis and significant intralobular inflammatory cell infiltration was only observed in mice of the compound group. Results of serum test showed that after 12 weeks, TG and CHO levels of the compound group and high fat group significantly increased and increases of ALT, AST, TNF-α, and IL-6 of the compound group were more significant than those of the high fat group and high fructose group. Conclusion  High fat and fructose diet for 12 weeks can successfully establish the mouse model for studying the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.