心血管疾病极大地威胁着人类的健康，并且呈逐年上升趋势。其中，相当一部分心血管疾病仍需要外科干预，譬如严重三支病变的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病。随着对发病机制的深入研究，已经有一些生物标志物用于心血管疾病的筛查、诊断、治疗和预后评估。早期发现和干预心血管疾病对于减少心血管病事件和改善预后具有重要意义。在心脏外科方面也迫切需要一些新型的生物标志物来提供术后相关并发症及预后的早期预警。该文就一些已经应用于特定疾病的临床诊断，或者未来具有临床应用潜力的心脏外科手术相关新型生物标志物作一介绍。

Cardiovascular diseases pose an increasingly serious threat to human health and surgical interventions are sometimes needed for some cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease with severe triple vessel lesion. With the in-depth research on the pathogenesis, some biomarkers have been applied to screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. Early identification and intervention are crucial for decreasing cardiovascular events and improving prognosis. Cardiac surgery urgently needs novel biomarkers for providing early warnings for postoperative complications and prognosis. This paper reviews novel biomarkers relevant to the cardiac surgery that have been applied to the diagnosis of diseases or have the potential to be clinically applied in the future.