中国的育龄期夫妇中不孕不育的发生率在不断上升，平均发病率为12.5%～15%，逐渐成为影响社会发展的一个重要问题。多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄期妇女中最常见的内分泌紊乱性疾病，是导致不孕的重要病因之一，是女性生殖障碍疾病研究的重点；但其病因复杂，发病机制仍不明确。PCOS作为一种复杂的内分泌代谢综合征，与胰岛素抵抗、慢性炎症、代谢综合征等密切相关，发病和病理过程与肠道菌群谱的改变存在重要的相关性。该文就肠道菌群在PCOS发生和发展过程中可能作用机制的相关研究进展进行综述。

Currently the prevalence of infertility among couples at childbearing age is on the rise in China with the average prevalence of 12.5%-15%, which is gradually becoming an important issue affecting the development of society. The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women at childbearing age. Studies on female reproductive disorders always focus on PCOS, which is an important cause of infertility. The etiology of PCOS is complex and the pathogenesis is still unclear. As a complex endocrine metabolic syndrome, PCOS is closely associated with insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis and pathological process of PCOS are correlated to the changes of gut microbiome. This paper reviews the research progresses of possible mechanisms of gut microbiome in the occurrence and development of PCOS.