脂质代谢是三大物质代谢之一，具有能量储存和供应、维持细胞膜结构、构成血浆脂蛋白以及信号转导等重要生理作用。固醇调节元件结合蛋白（SREBP）是真核细胞内调节脂类代谢的关键核转录因子。新合成的SREBP无活性，经过2次裂解活化转移到细胞核内激活靶基因的转录。SREBP通过调控脂肪酸合成酶（FASN）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1（SCD1）等基因表达，调节胆固醇和脂肪酸的合成；而在肿瘤中，SREBP往往会失调。该文主要对SREBP的结构、功能及其与肿瘤的关系进行综述。

Lipid metabolism is one of three major metabolisms and plays an important physiological role in energy storage and supply, maintaining the structure of cell membrane, comprising plasma lipoproteins, and signal transduction, etc. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) are a family of nuclear transcription factors that regulate lipid metabolism in eukaryotic cells. Newly synthesized inactive SREBP are activated via two proteolytic processes and translocate into nucleus to activate the transcription of target genes. SREBP regulate the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid by regulating the transcription of genes relevant to fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and stearyl acyl coenzyme A desaturation enzyme (SCD1), etc. However, the regulation of SREBP in tumors is often abnormal. This article reviews structures and functions of SREBP, as well as the association between SREBP and tumors.