绝经是女性生命过程中无法避免的自然过程，也是卵巢功能衰退的结果。女性绝经后常发生骨质疏松、心血管功能紊乱、泌尿生殖道萎缩等症状。绝经激素治疗（MHT）对绝经症状有明显的改善。近年来研究表明，MHT与认知功能之间也具有相关性，但各研究方法与研究结果差异性较大。该文就MHT过程中对认知功能影响较大的几个因素，包括治疗时间窗、绝经类型、基础健康状况和治疗方案等进行探讨，为临床MHT的时机选择提供参考。

Menopause is an inevitable natural event in a womans life and results from hypo-ovarianism. Symptoms such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular dysfunction, and urogenital tract atrophy are common in postmenopausal women. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) can remarkably improve the symptoms of menopause. Recent studies have shown that MHT is associated with cognitive function, while there are significant differences in approaches and results. This article explores several factors that significantly influence cognitive function, including therapeutic time window, type of menopause, baseline condition, and therapeutic regimen, so as to provide reference for the therapy opportunity choice of clinical MHT.