脑结构影像学是精神障碍研究的一个重要领域，其中磁共振检查在抑郁症研究中应用广泛。目前抑郁症的结构影像学研究的结论尚未达成一致，测量变量亦有很大局限性，不足以应用于临床实践。利用磁共振成像测量抑郁症患者的脑区体积及皮层厚度、表面积、皮层折叠系数等新变量，可以分析抑郁症患者发病时及疾病发展过程中的脑结构改变。该文关注抑郁症病因、诊断、治疗、预后等方面，按脑区对抑郁症患者脑部的结构影像学研究进行综述，介绍该领域的研究进展。

Structural neuroimaging is an important field in mental disorder researches and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for studying major depressive disorders (MDD). However, no consensus has been reached in structural neuroimaging researches on depression and measured variables have many limitations, so it is not suitable for clinical practices. This study analyses brain structural changes during onset and development of MDD using MRI via new variables such as brain volume, cortical thickness, surface area, and hypergyrification. This article focuses on etiology, diagnosis, treatment, as well as prognosis of MDD, and reviews structural neuroimaging researches according to brain regions, so as to introduce clinical advances in this field.