目的 ·探讨短期药物治疗对精神分裂症急性期患者大脑结构（尤其是灰质）的影响。方法 ·共 27例未服药的早期精神分裂症患者（病程不超过5年）和21名健康志愿者入组，其中27例患者接受抗精神病药物治疗8周，分别于基线及8周后（21例）精神分裂症患者及21例健康志愿者）进行3T磁共振扫描。使用基于体素的形态学分析（VBM）方法分析大脑灰质体积及其变化。结果 ·与健康对照组比较，精神分裂症患者的左侧小脑后叶、左侧颞中回及双侧海马旁回的灰质容积减少（P=0.000，体素>50)。8周后随访，健康对照组的灰质体积无变化。经抗精神病药物治疗8周后，精神分裂症患者较多脑区的灰质容积缩小，主要包括双侧颞上回、颞中回、颞下回，双侧额上回、额中回、额下回，双侧海马旁回及扣带回，右侧缘上回，右侧小脑后叶，右侧舌状回(P=0.000，体素>50)。结论 ·抗精神病药物短期治疗（8周）对急性期精神分裂症患者的大脑灰质可能产生不利影响，引起灰质体积的缩小。

Objective · To observe the changes of cerebral gray matter pre- and post-treatment with short term drugs in patients with schizophrenia. Methods · T1-weighted brain MRIs were obtained on a 3T scanner in 21 controls and 27 subjects with schizophrenia who were not given antipsychotic medication. The controls and 21 schizophrenia patients received the second scan after 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) were used to investigate the differences in gray matter (GM), mainly about the regional GM volumes. Results · GM volumes were significantly smaller in the patient group than those of healthy controls in left cerebellum posterior lobe , left and right parahippocampalgyrus, left middle temporal gyrus(P=0.000, voxels>50). GM volumes extensively decreased after 8 weeks of antipsychotic-treatment compared with pre-treatment in the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri, superior,middle and inferior frontal gyri, parahippocampa gyri, cingulate gyri, right supramarginal gyrus, right cerebellum posterior lobe, and right lingual gyrus(P=0.000, voxels>50). Conclusion · Short term antipsychotic treatment (8 weeks) may have adverse effects on the gray matter of patients with acute schizophrenia by reducing the volume of gray matter.