目的 · 分析术后3 个月PI-APD 对于儿童肾积水手术疗效评估的作用。方法 · 回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属新华医 院 2012 年 1 月—2015 年 11 月接受手术治疗的肾积水患儿资料。根据PI-APD 值将所有患儿分为3 组：PI-APD ≤ 19% 组、19%<PIAPD<40% 组及PI-APD  ≥ 40% 组。分析术后PI-APD 值与患肾分肾功能（DRF）及积水程度恢复的关系。结果 · 入组患儿360 例， 平均随访时间为 20 个月。术后 3 个月 PI-APD 值与患肾 DRF 恢复程度呈正相关 (r=0.631，P=0.000)。有 5 例患儿术后复发，其术后早 期 PI-APD 值均 <19%。结论 · PI-APD ≥ 40% 可以预示肾盂成形术后的良好结局；而 PI-APD ≤ 19% 则提示手术后应密切随访，及早 发现肾积水复发，避免患肾功能受损加重。PI-APD 是一种可行、简单且有效的评估肾积水术后效果的客观指标。

Objective · To investigate the prospective value of early postoperative PI-APD in children with hydronephrosis.  Methods · Data of children with hydronephrosis who underwent pyeloplasty in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between Jan 2012 to Nov 2015 was collected. PI-APD was divided into 3 categories ( ≤ 19%, 19%<PI-APD<40% and ≥ 40%). The relationship between PI-APD value and the degree of renal function (DRF) and dilation recovery after surgery was analyzed.  Results · There were 360 children with hydronephrosis. The median follow-up was 20 months. The PI-APD value (3 months after pyeloplasty) was positively correlated with the degree of DRF recovery (r=0.631, P=0.000). Five patients received redo-pyeloplasty. PI-APD of all these patients was <19%.  Conclusion · PI-APD is a new feasible ultrasound parameter in pyeloplasty followup. PI-APD ≥ 40% at the first post-operative visit predicts pyeloplasty success. PI-APD ≤ 19% indicates close follow-up after operation. PI-APD can also help select children at high risk for repeat intervention after pyeloplasty.