随着精准外科概念的提出，如何精确平衡病灶切除、脏器保护和损伤控制这 3 个外科要素受到广泛重视。而术中电子计算机 断层扫描技术（ICT）的应用为精准外科的实现提供了便利。该文总结了 ICT 的起源、发展以及在神经外科、耳鼻咽喉科、口腔颌面 外科等学科中的广泛应用。虽然 ICT 仍然有很多急需改善的不足，如高辐射剂量和高价格的问题，但 ICT 对于提高治疗的精确性无疑 是很好的选择。

 With the proposal of the concept of precision surgery, doctors pay more attention to the precious balance of removing target lesions, protecting organs, and controlling damage. The application of intraoperative computed tomography (ICT) facilitates the realization of precision surgery. This paper summarizes the origination and development of ICT, as well as its wide applications in neurosurgery, otolaryngology, and maxillofacial surgery. Although ICT has many disadvantages to be improved, such as high radiation dose and high cost, it is still a good choice for improving the precision of treatment.