急性肾损伤（AKI）是指由多种病因、多种危险因素引起的肾功能快速下降的复杂的临床综合征。代谢组学是组学领域的最 新学科，是指采取非靶向测量、定量分析一个给定的细胞、组织、器官、生物体液中所有小分子代谢物的含量。由于相较于基因组 学、转录组学和蛋白质组学，代谢组学具有代谢产物种类少、预测发生的生物过程最准确、样本容易获得的优势，因此非常适用于确 定 AKI 早期诊断的新标志、鉴定 AKI 中可能存在的异常的代谢途径、探索药物治疗的新靶点以及提供个体化精准医疗。

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the complex clinical syndrome attributed to multiple causes and risk factors, which is characterized by an abrupt loss of renal function. Metabonomics, recently advances in the field of omics, is the nontargeted measurement of all of the low-molecularweight compounds that appear in a particular cell, tissue, organ or biofluid in a living organism. Compared to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, metabonomics has its unique advantages, including fewer metabolites than genes, transcripts and proteins, the most accurate predictors of the signature of the actual processes, easy access to biofluids. Thus, metabonomics makes it possible to find new biomarkers for AKI on early diagnosis, identifying new metabolic pathways, finding new targets for drug therapy and individual medical treatment.