目的 · 探索母亲孕期不同膳食模式与子代发生室间隔缺损（ventricular septal defect，VSD）之间的相关性。方法 · 选取上海儿童医学中心 2016 年 6 月 1 日至 12 月 1 日经临床检查与超声心动图确诊的 73 名 VSD 患儿为病例组，选取同期该医院经临床诊断排除先天性心脏病和其他先天性发育性疾病的 73 名儿童作为对照组。病例组与对照组的母亲均采用统一调查表进行调查，包括一般资料调查和膳食频率调查。利用 SPSS 23.0 软件包的因子分析模块确定膳食模式，并用 Logistic 回归模型分析膳食模式与 VSD 发病的关系。结果 · 通过因子分析共得到 4 种不同的膳食模式，分别为果蔬优蛋白膳食模式、动物性食物膳食模式、高钠高脂膳食模式和水产品膳食模式。校正可能的混杂因素后，母亲孕期果蔬优蛋白膳食模式和水产品膳食模式与子代 VSD 的发病呈负相关（均 P<0.05）。结论 · 母亲孕期富含蔬菜、水果、优质蛋白和水产品的膳食模式可能有助于降低子代 VSD 的发病风险。

Objective · To examine the association of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy with the risk of ventricular septal defect (VSD) in offspring. Methods · Seventy-three children with VSD were selected as cases from June 1, 2016 to December 1, 2016; another 73 children without congenital heart or other defects were selected as controls during the corresponding period. VSD was diagnosed by clinical examination and echocardiography figure. Both cases and controls were recruited from Shanghai Children’s Medical Center. All the children’s mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, which includes information on demographic characteristics and food frequency during pregnancy. Dietary patterns were defined by the factor analysis module of SPSS 23.0. The association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and VSD risk was analyzed by Logistic regression model. Results · Four dietary patterns were obtained by the factor analysis, i.e. vegetable-fruit-high-quality protein pattern, animal food pattern, high sodium and high fat pattern and aquatic product pattern. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, it was demonstrated that the vegetablefruit-high-quality protein pattern and aquatic product pattern were negatively associated with VSD risk in offspring (P<0.05). Conclusion · Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy that are rich in high-quality protein, vegetables, fruit and aquatic products may be helpful for decreasing VSD risk in offspring.