目的·观察人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus，HPV）感染早期过程中宫颈、阴道局部免疫微环境的变化。方法·收集120例高危型HPV感染的育龄期女性（25～46岁）的阴道灌洗液，并经活检病理诊断排除宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia，CIN）及CIN以上病变；选择同时期妇科门诊HPV阴性、液基薄层细胞检测阴性者20人，作为对照组。应用液相微珠悬浮蛋白芯片技术检测辅助性T细胞17（T helper cell 17，Th17）相关细胞因子白细胞介素-17（interleukin 17，IL-17）、IL-6、转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β）及IL-10、IL-4的表达情况。结果· HPV感染者阴道局部IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β、IL-4表达量较HPV阴性者明显升高；HPV16/18型感染者阴道局部IL-4、IL-10的表达量较HPV非16/18型感染者明显降低；HPV持续感染者阴道局部IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β的表达量，与HPV非持续感染者比较，差异无统计学意义，但较HPV阴性者显著升高。结论· HPV感染早期即可激发机体免疫应答，引起局部免疫微环境的变化。Th17相关免疫因子与HPV感染关系密切，可为指导HPV高危型持续感染的处理及预防提供新的方向。

Objective · To investigate the change of immune microenviroment in the lower genital tract of women who had early papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Methods · One hundred and twenty women infected with high-risk HPV were enrolled in the study, who were at the age of 25–46, with no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅰ – Ⅲ ) or cervical carcinoma. Twenty HPV-negative women were used as control, who did not have abnormal cervical squamous epithelial lesions screenedThinPrep cytologic test. Vagina douche was collected, and the ofThelpercell17 (Th17)-related cytokines and interleukin 10 (IL-10)/IL-4 was testedsuspension micro phase protein chip technology. Results · The of IL-17, IL-6, TGF-β and IL-4 in HPV-positive patients was significantly higher than that in HPV-negative patients. The of IL-4 and IL-10 in HPV16/18-positive patients was significantly lower than that in patients infected with other HPV types. The of IL-17, IL-6 and TGF-β in patients with persistent HPV infection was insignificantly higher than that in patients with temporary HPV infection, while the of IL-17, IL-6 and TGF-β in patients with persistent HPV infection was significantly higher than that in HPV-negative patients. Conclusion · HPV infection can stimulate the bodys immune response and change the local immune microenvironment in early stage. Th17 related cytokines are closely related to the persistent HPV infection. Maybe it can provide a new direction on the guidance of HPV treatment and prevention of persistent HPV infection.