机体中肠道菌群的总细菌数约为 100万亿，远超人体细胞总数，在人类的进化、发育、代谢和免疫防御等过程中起着关键作用，甚至还可进一步影响各种疾病的转归。目前，越来越多的研究表明，肠道生态系统与多种妇产科疾病的转归有着密不可分的关系。研究发现，多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜异位症、妊娠期糖尿病和早产的孕妇中确实存在肠道菌群紊乱的症状。正常肠道微生态的建立不仅对妇产科疾病的治疗具有一定的临床意义，还对子代的健康有积极的促进作用。该文就目前肠道菌群与妇产科疾病之间的相关性研究进行综述。

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized100 trillion microbes which is called the gut microbiome, whose number vastly outnumbers our bodies. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the process of human health involved with evolution, development, metabolism and immune defense. However, it also has been found to be related with many human diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have begun to reveal how these inhabitants played a role for obstetrics and gynecology related diseases. As discussed in this review, some imbalance of the microbiota ecosystem occurs in several diseases, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, gestational diabetes mellitus and premature birth. Moreover, the reestablishment of the intestinal homeostasis has shown great effects on women related diseases as well as neonatal/childhood outcomes. This paper reviewed the correlation between gut microbiota and obstetrics and gynecology related diseases.