随着肥胖和代谢综合征的流行，非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease，NAFLD）已成为我国第一大慢性肝病。NAFLD可从单纯性脂肪肝发展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（non-alcoholic steatohepatitis，NASH）、NASH相关肝纤维化和肝硬化，甚至肝细胞癌。准确评估NAFLD并尽早进行干预有利于减轻疾病负担，控制疾病进展。肝穿刺活组织检查是诊断NAFLD的“金标准”，但有一定的局限性和显著的并发症，临床应用受限。血清学检测作为一种无创的检测方法，越来越受到研究者和临床工作者的关注。了解各种NAFLD血清学无创诊断方法和指标的优缺点和应用范围，有助于增加诊断途径、提高诊断效力、降低患者痛苦、节约医疗资源。文章对NAFLD血清学无创诊断研究进展作一综述。

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease, along with the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic fatty liver will progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-related liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate assessment and early intervention are conducive to clinical burden reduction and disease control. Although being the "golden standard" for diagnosing NAFLD, the clinical application of liver biopsy is limited due to well-known limitations and significant complications. Serological testing, as a noninvasive method, has been well-recognized among researchers and clinicians. The understanding of the pros and cons and the application ranges of various methods and indexes is helpful for clinical applications, including providing more diagnosis approaches, improving diagnosis power, relieving pain of patients, and saving medical resources. This article reviews the advances in serological noninvasive diagnostic methods for NAFLD.