目的·探讨重庆地区儿童生命早期环境因素暴露对其自身哮喘发病的潜在影响。方法·采用病例对照设计，纳入2020年9月—2022年1月在重庆市2所三级甲等儿童专科医院呼吸科门诊就诊的哮喘患儿作为病例组，将同期在儿童保健科健康体检门诊就诊的无哮喘史的健康儿童作为对照组。纳入的儿童自出生以来均居住于重庆市范围内，且3岁前的家庭居住地址未发生改变。研究采用自行研制的儿童生命早期环境因素暴露调查问卷，收集2组儿童的个人基本信息、家庭情况、儿童健康状况及出生情况、出生后至3岁的家庭室内环境（烟草烟雾暴露、卧室霉点霉斑暴露、蟑螂暴露、卧室清洁频率、空调及空气净化器使用情况、装修情况）等信息。根据儿童出生前至3岁的家庭地址信息，基于高时空分辨率模型，估计每位儿童出生前至3岁的每年细颗粒物（particular matter 2.5，PM_2.5）暴露水平。运用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析可能影响儿童哮喘发病的早期环境暴露因素。将单因素分析有统计学意义或有临床意义的危险因素纳入多因素模型。结果·病例组纳入患儿220例，对照组纳入健康儿童636例，平均年龄分别为（7.4±2.1）岁和（7.6±2.1）岁。2组儿童年龄、性别、胎龄、出生体质量、母亲分娩方式、家庭人口数、家庭年收入、母亲受教育年限和人均生活空间的差异均无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，生命早期儿童卧室霉斑霉点（OR=2.155，95%CI 1.304~3.559，P=0.003）、卧室蟑螂暴露（OR=1.830，95%CI 1.287~2.601，P=0.001）、卧室空调使用（OR=2.328，95%CI 1.098~4.937，P=0.028）、二手烟暴露（OR=1.762，95%CI 1.272~2.440，P=0.001）以及儿童1岁时环境中PM_2.5暴露（OR=1.063，95%CI 1.034~1.093，P=0.000）会增加儿童哮喘的发病风险；每日开启空气净化器（OR=0.416，95%CI 0.213~0.812，P=0.010）可以降低儿童哮喘的发病风险。结论·生命早期环境因素暴露对儿童哮喘发病具有重要意义。儿童生命早期卧室内霉斑霉点暴露、蟑螂暴露，以及被动吸烟、不合理使用空调以及儿童出生后第1年环境PM_2.5的长期暴露与儿童哮喘的发病相关。

Objective ·To explore the potential impact of early-life environmental exposure on childhood asthma in Chongqing, China. Methods ·A case-control study was designed. The cases with asthma diagnosis were enrolled from outpatients of the respiratory medicine departments and the healthy children without history of asthma were enrolled from health check-up clinics of the child health care departments in two tertiary children's hospitals in Chongqing from September 2020 to January 2022. The children in the two groups had all lived in Chongqing since birth and their home addresses had not changed before they were 3 years old. A self-developed “Children's Early-Life Environment Survey” was used to collect general personal data, family information, child health status, birth history, and indoor environment from birth to 3 years old (second-hand smoke, dampness and mold points in bedroom, seen cockroaches in bedroom, bedroom cleaning frequency, air conditioning and air purifier use, and decoration). Based on the home address information before 3 years old, annual particular matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) exposure levels were estimated by using a high spatiotemporal resolution model. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the early-life environmental factors affecting the development of childhood asthma. The risk factors which were statistically significant in univariate Logistic regression or had clinical significance were included in the multivariate model. Results ·A total of 220 asthma cases and 636 healthy control children were enrolled. The mean age of the asthma cases and the controls were (7.4±2.1) and (7.6±2.1) years old, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, family size, annual family income, maternal education level and living space per person. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that early-life bedroom dampness and mold exposure [odds ratio (OR)=2.155, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.304?3.559, P=0.003], bedroom cockroach exposure (OR=1.830, 95%CI 1.287?2.601, P=0.001), bedroom air conditioner use (OR=2.328, 95%CI 1.098?4.937, P=0.028), second-hand smoke exposure (OR=1.762, 95%CI 1.272?2.440, P=0.001), and long term exposure to PM_2.5 at one year old (OR=1.063, 95%CI 1.034?1.093, P=0.000) increased the risk of childhood asthma. Daily use of air purifier (OR=0.416, 95%CI 0.213?0.812, P=0.010) could reduce the risk of childhood asthma. Conclusion ·Early-life environmental exposure is of great significance for the development of childhood asthma. Early-life bedroom dampness and mold exposure, cockroach exposure, second-hand smoke, incorrect use of air conditioner, and long-term exposure of children to PM_2.5 in the first year after birth are independent risk factors for the development of childhood asthma.