阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（obstructive sleep apnea，OSA）是一种常见的睡眠障碍，其病理生理机制复杂且尚未完全明了。该文介绍了自然OSA动物模型、直接OSA动物模型以及间接OSA动物模型，分别分析了它们在模拟OSA病理生理过程中的优缺点。自然OSA动物模型主要关注自发性上气道阻塞，直接OSA动物模型通过直接阻塞引起OSA，而间接OSA动物模型主要通过模拟慢性间歇性低氧以及睡眠剥夺来研究其对机体的影响。这3类模型在研究OSA的病理生理学机制和开发治疗新方法方面发挥了重要作用，但它们也存在一些局限性和挑战。未来的研究方向包括非侵入性监测技术的发展、建立OSA联合模型以及基因编辑技术的应用，以期更全面、精确地模拟人类OSA的复杂性和多样性，为理解其机制和开发新的治疗方法提供更多信息。

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, and its pathophysiological mechanism complex and not fully understood. This article elaborately explores three categories of OSA animal models: natural, direct and indirect, emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages in simulating OSA pathophysiological processes. Natural OSA models primarily focus on spontaneous upper airway obstructions. Direct OSA models induce OSA through direct obstruction of the airway, while indirect OSA models mainly investigate the impacts of chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep deprivation (SD) on the organism. Although these models have played a pivotal role in studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA and developing new therapeutic methods, they also present certain limitations and challenges. Future research directions include the development of non-invasive monitoring technologies, establishing OSA-combined models, and the application of gene-editing technologies, aiming to more comprehensively and accurately simulate the complexity and diversity of human OSA, providing more insights into its mechanisms and developing new therapeutic methods.