目的·基于医学领域国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目资助率低的现状，对项目申请人展开深入调查，定量分析项目立项的影响因素，为进一步提升项目申报质量、加强青年医学人才培养提供数据参考和决策依据。方法·采用横断面调查法，选取上海交通大学医学院各二级学院及13所附属医院在2020—2022年有国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目申报经历的申请人进行问卷调查，以项目申请结果为因变量，以申请人基本情况和申报情况等为自变量，通过Logistic逐步回归模型建模与分析。结果·对921名项目申请者的分析结果显示，学历（OR=1.86，95%CI 1.14~3.04）、毕业院校（OR=2.45，95%CI 1.47~4.08）、有较为充分的前期工作基础（OR=4.22，95%CI 2.44~7.29）、代表作平均影响因子（OR=1.10，95%CI 1.04~1.17）、申请书自评总分（OR=1.06，95%CI 1.04~1.08）是项目立项的主要影响因素。且项目获批者代表作平均影响因子和最高影响因子呈逐年递增的趋势。此外，青年医师和专职科研人员项目获批的影响因素不同，青年医师的毕业时间越长，获批率越低。结论·青年科学基金项目资助率低下，对科研成果的要求逐年提升，应注重前期积累，提高申请书撰写质量，并进一步采取措施，加强青年医学人才早期培养，完善分类培养举措，着力夯实研究基础。

Objective ·In view of the low funding rate of the Young Scientists Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the medical field, this research conducted an in-depth investigation of the applicants in a medical school and quantitatively analyzed the influencing factors of project establishment, so as to provide reference for further improving the quality of project application and strengthening the training of young medical talents. Methods ·A cross-sectional survey was used to select applicants from secondary schools of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and its 13 affiliated hospitals who had experience in applying for the fund from 2020 to 2022. Logistic stepwise regression model was applied to modeling and analysis by using the project application result as the dependent variable and the applicants' basic information and application status as independent variables. Results ·The analysis results of 921 applicants showed that educational background (OR=1.86, 95%CI 1.14?3.04), graduate university (OR=2.45, 95%CI 1.47?4.08), sufficient preliminary work foundation (OR=4.22, 95%CI 2.44?7.29), average impact factor of representative works (OR=1.10, 95%CI 1.04?1.17), and total self-evaluation score of application documents (OR=1.06, 95%CI 1.04?1.08) were the main influencing factors for project approval. The average impact factor and the highest impact factor of the approved representative works showed an increasing trend year by year. In addition, the influencing factors for the approval of young doctors and full-time researchers were different. The longer the graduation time of young doctors, the lower the approval rate. Conclusion ·The funding rate of Young Scientists Fund is low, and the requirements for scientific research achievements are increasing year by year. Attention should be paid to early accumulation and improving the quality of application writing. Further measures should be taken to strengthen the early training of young medical talents, improve cultivation measures and consolidate research foundations.