目的 通过对上海市324名女性性工作者进行调查和访谈，定量和定性研究该人群艾滋病认知和行为。方法 采用整群多级随机抽样的方法在上海市随机抽取5个区，每个区再随机抽取了2个街道，对街道所辖的88家明确提供性服务的洗头房、按摩店和发廊的324名女性性工作者进行问卷调查和访谈研究。结果 艾滋病/性病知识综合答对率为60.8%，来自市区的研究对象答对率高于郊区（P<0.05）。有29.5%的研究对象在商业性服务中应顾客的要求而不使用安全套。有46.3%的对象发生过安全套滑落或者破裂的现象。郊区研究对象在口腔和肛门性行为中高危现象的发生率高于市区（P<0.05）。结论 在上海小型低档娱乐场所中应加强艾滋病相关教育，减少高危行为，尤其要关注郊区的女性性工作者。

Objective To explore the awareness and behavior of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among female sex workers in Shanghai. Methods Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was adopted to obtain a random sample of five districts in Shanghai, then two communities of each district were randomly selected, and a total of 324 female sex workers from 88 massage parlors and hair salons explicitly providing sexual services completed a questionnaire survey and interview. Results The correct answer rate of AIDS-related knowledge was 60.8%, which was higher in female sex workers from urban area than that in those from rural area （P<0.05）. 29.5% of female sex workers had commercial sexual services without condom use for the request from guests, and 46.3% experienced condom slip off or breakage during commercial sexual services. Female sex workers from suburban area had more high-risk behaviors than those from urban area in oral and anal sex (P<0.05). Conclusion AIDS-related education should be strengthened to reduce high-risk behaviors among female sex workers in small entertainment venues of Shanghai, and particular attention should be paid to those from suburban area.