目的 通过计量经济学方法分析上海市各区（县）精神卫生服务政府支出比例的影响因素，为完善上海市精神疾病防治的财政保障机制提供参考。方法 调查2004—2008年上海市19个区（县）对于精神卫生服务的政府投入情况、区（县）的一般人口及财政状况、精神疾病发生情况、精神卫生服务提供状况等方面的数据。通过建立计量经济学模型，分析精神卫生服务政府支出比例的影响因素。结果 上海市各区（县）对于精神卫生服务的政府支出比例与人均政府财政收入、人均生产总值、在册精神疾病患者占总人口比例、精神疾病患者肇事肇祸率以及精神卫生中心卫生技术人员数有相关性（P<0.05），其中精神疾病患者肇事肇祸率的影响最为显著（r＝0.715，P＝0.000）。结论 上海市各区（县）需建立起与本区（县）经济发展水平相适应的精神卫生筹资规模，建立精神卫生专项预算资金，保障精神卫生服务的资金供给。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of district government investment in mental health service in Shanghai, and provide referrences for financing mechanism of mental health service. Methods The data of government investment in mental health service, populations and economic status, prevalences of mental diseases and status of mental health service supply in 19 districts of Shanghai from 2004 to 2008 were investigated, and the influencing factors of government investment in mental health service were analysed with econometric model. Results The district government investment in mental health service of Shanghai was related to fiscal revenue per capital, gross domestic product per capital, ratios of patients with mental diseases to total populations, accident rates of patients with mental diseases and numbers of medical staff in mental health centers (P<0.05), and accident rate of patients with mental diseases was the most important influencing factor （r＝0.715, P＝0.000）. Conclusion District government in Shanghai should establish a rational financing mechanism in line with the economic status, and allocate a proper budget for mental health service from total government expenditure.