目的 明确在本科生和硕士研究生循证医学教学中应该实施的不同教学重点和培养目标。方法 选择上海交通大学医学院2008年度选修循证医学课程的硕士研究生（151名）和本科生（55名），采用问卷调查方法，从其对循证医学知晓、态度、实践及其难点四个方面进行调查。结果 对循证医学的知晓和实践难点调查显示本科生和硕士研究生间差异无统计学意义，两者均对循证医学的了解程度较低并且均认为实践有困难；但两者在对循证医学态度及实践现状方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），硕士研究生对循证医学反映出较高的兴趣和学习需要性。结论 循证医学的教育应该分阶段、循序渐进地进行，各阶段教学重点应有所区别。

Objective To determine the different teaching key points and aim of evidence-based medicine education for postgraduates or undergraduates. Methods One hundred and fifty-one postgraduates and 55 undergraduates taking evidence-based medicine elective course were surveyed with questionnaires, which included four aspects of knowledge, attitudes, practice and barriers to evidence-based medicine. Results Both postgraduates and undergraduates had less knowledge of evidence-based medicine and agreed that it was difficult to practice evidence-based medicine, and there was no significant difference in these two aspects between them. However, there were significant differences in the aspects of attitudes and barriers to evidence-based medicine between postgraduates and undergraduates (P<0.05), and postgraduates held more interests, and more postgraduates thought it necessary to learn evidence-based medicine course. Conclusion Evidence-based medicine education should progress with different teaching key points at each stage.