目的 建立一种简单、稳定的兔瘢痕性喉气管狭窄模型。方法 将20只新西兰白兔分为实验组（n=10）和对照组（n=10）。实验组横向切开兔气管，用尼龙刷进行气管黏膜刮擦后闭合气管；对照组切开兔气管后不进行任何处理，直接闭合气管。两组分别在第4、9、14和19天内窥镜观察气管瘢痕形成情况，并计算狭窄度；3周后处死动物，取喉部标本，HE染色后进行组织学观察。结果 经内窥镜观察，对照组动物气管未发现瘢痕组织增生；实验组动物气管均出现瘢痕组织增生，气管狭窄度随着时间延长而逐渐增加，刮擦后第19天气管狭窄度明显大于刮擦后第4天（P＜0.05）。组织学观察显示，实验组动物气管狭窄部位成纤维细胞增生，胶原纤维增厚。结论 兔瘢痕性喉气管狭窄模型制作方法简单易行，可用于喉气管狭窄治疗方法的研究。

Objective To establish a simple and stable rabbit model of cicatricial laryngotracheal stenosis. Methods Twenty New Zealand rabbits were divided into experiment group (n=10) and control group (n=10).  Tracheas of rabbits in experiment group were annularly incised, and were closed after scraping of tracheal mucosa with a nylon brush. Tracheas of rabbits in control group were closed immediately after incision, without any special treatment. Formation of cicatrix of trachea was observed by endoscopy on day 4, 9, 14 and 19, and the degree of stenosis was calculated. Rabbits were sacrificed three weeks later, laryngopharyngeal samples were obtained, and microscopic observations were conducted with HE staining. Results Endoscopic observations revealed that there was no cicatricial tissue hyperplasia in rabbits of control group. However, cicatricial tissue hyperplasia occurred and increased in rabbits in experiment group in a time-dependent manner, and the degree of tracheal stenosis 19 d after scraping was more severe than that 4 d after scraping (P＜0.05). Proliferation of fibroblasts and thickening of collagen fibers in areas of tracheal stenosis were observed by microscopic observations. Conclusion The rabbit model of cicatricial laryngotracheal stenosis can be easily established, which can serve in the research of treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis.