目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者外周血细胞微小RNA （miR-31)的表达及其临床意义。方法 以36例SLE患者和23名健康对照者作为研究对象，采集外周静脉ACD抗凝血，Real-Time PCR检测miR-31表达。分析SLE患者疾病活动指数（SLEDAI）、肾脏受累程度指标（Renal-SLEDAI积分）及临床用药与外周血细胞miR-31表达的相关性。结果 SLE患者的外周血细胞miR-31表达显著低于健康对照者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。SLE患者的外周血细胞miR-31表达与SLEDAI积分和Renal-SLEDAI积分呈显著负相关（r=-0.330，P=0.043； r=-0.337，P=0.044），与临床用药情况无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论 SLE患者外周血细胞miR-31表达水平与疾病活动及肾脏损害程度相关，作为重要生物标志物有可能为SLE的早期诊断、治疗和预后评估提供一定的依据。

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA (miR-31) in peripheral blood cells of patients with systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE). Methods Thirty-six patients with SLE and 23 healthy controls were selected, peripheral ACD anti-coagulation blood was obtained, and the expression of miR-31 was detected by RealTime PCR. The relationship between the expression of miR-31 in peripheral blood cells and SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI), parameters of degree of renal injury (Renal-SLEDAI score) and clinical medication was analysed. Results The expression of miR-31 in peripheral blood cells of patients with SLE was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P<0.001). The expression of miR-31 in peripheral blood cells of patients with SLE was negatively correlated with SLEDAI and Renal-SLEDAI score （r=-0.330，P=0.043；r=-0.337，P=0.044）, while no correlation was found between the expression of miR-31 and clinical medication (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of miR-31 in peripheral blood cells of patients with SLE may be related to disease activity and degree of renal injury, and may serve as an important biomarker in the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of SLE.