在世界范围内，肺癌位居所有癌症致死的首位，且其中大部分为非小细胞肺癌。尽管大量有关含铂化疗或联合其他药物的临床研究不断涌现，非小细胞肺癌患者的预后仍然差强人意。晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的5年生存率约为15%，在过去几年中未有明显提高。目前，肺癌治疗领域的主要成就在于靶向治疗的出现，例如针对表皮细胞生长因子受体（EGFR）靶点的吉非替尼和厄罗替尼，以及针对抗血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）的贝伐单抗，均广泛运用于临床。同时，关于棘皮动物微管相关蛋白样/间变淋巴瘤激酶（EML4-ALK）融合基因的研究使得肺癌的治疗又有了新的进展。该文主要对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者个体化治疗中的药物如EGFR抑制剂、EML4-ALK融合基因抑制剂进行综述。

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. Despite many clinical trials of platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with various drugs, the median survival time of patients with non-small cell lung cancer remains poor. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer is approximately 15%, and has improved only marginally in recent years. A recent milestone in this field has been the development of molecular-targeting drugs, among which gefitinib and erlotinib targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have improved the efficacy of therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Anti-angiogenetic drug, such as bevacizumab, has been used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover, the discovery of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4/anaplastic lymphoma kinase(EML4-ALK) fusion gene has contributed to the marvelous progress in research of lung cancer. In this review, the drugs used in individualized treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer, such as EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and EML4-ALK fusion gene inhibitors are introduced.