目的 探讨食管小细胞癌的临床特征和预后。方法 收集经食管吞钡片、胸部CT、食管镜检查并经病理学检查确诊的15例食管小细胞癌病例，分析患者的临床特征及预后。结果 15例患者的中位生存期为8.82个月（生存期29 d～26个月）；6个月生存率为53%，1年生存率为20%，2年生存率为7%，3年生存率为零。接受单纯手术、单纯化疗和综合治疗患者的中位生存期分别为8、4.1和11.83个月。结论 食管小细胞癌的最佳治疗方案尚不明确，以化放疗为主的综合治疗可获得较单一治疗更长的生存期。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of small cell carcinoma of sophagus. Methods Fifteen patients with small cell carcinoma of esophagus diagnosed by X-ray, chest CT and esophagoscopy and confirmed by pathology were selected, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis were analysed. Results The median survival time of these 15 patients was 8.82 months, and the survival time ranged from 29 d to 26 months. The 6-month survival rate was 53%, 1-year survival rate was 20%, 2-year survival rate was 7% and 3-year survival rate was 0. The median survival time of patients with single operation, single chemotherapy and comprehensive treatment was 8 months, 4.1 months and 11.83 months, respectively. Conclusion The optimal therapy for small cell carcinoma of esophagus remains undetermined. Comprehensive treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy may yield longer survival time than single treatment.