目的 研究急性肾损伤小鼠肺组织损伤特点及水孔蛋白（AQP) 表达变化。方法 75只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术组（n=25）和急性肾损伤组(n=50)，后者分别经缺血再灌注（I/R组，n=25）和双侧肾切除(BNx组，n=25）建立急性肾损伤模型。于造模后即刻（0 h）和2、4、6、24 h时点，分批处死动物留取肺脏组织。HE染色光学显微镜观察肺组织病理学改变，进行中性粒细胞浸润计数；计算肺湿质量与干质量比值（W/D）；采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（Real-Time PCR）技术和免疫组织化学方法检测肺组织AQP-1、AQP-5 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果 I/R组和BNx组小鼠分别从造模后2 h和4 h出现肺组织炎症细胞浸润、肺泡内出血和肺间质水肿；BNx组造模后4、6、24 h时点和I/R组造模后2、4、6、24 h时点小鼠肺脏组织中性粒细胞浸润计数均显著高于假手术组（P<0.05）。BNx组和I/R组小鼠造模后4、6、24 h时点的W/D均显著高于假手术组（P<0.05）。BNx组和I/R组小鼠造模后各时点肺组织AQP-1 mRNA和蛋白表达与假手术组比较差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。BNx组小鼠造模后2、4、6、24 h时点肺组织AQP-5 mRNA和蛋白表达均显著低于假手术组（P<0.05）；I/R组小鼠造模后6 h和24 h时点肺组织AQP-5 mRNA和蛋白表达均显著低于假手术组（P<0.05）。结论 肺水肿是急性肾损伤后急性肺损伤的典型表现，其发生可能与炎症反应和AQP-5表达的改变有关。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of lung tissue injury and expression of aquaporins(AQP) after acute kidney injury in mice. Methods Seventy-five male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=25) and acute kidney injury group (n=50), and acute kidney injury models were established in acute kidney injury group by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R group, n=25) and bilateral nephrectomy (BNx group, n=25). Mice were sacrificed and lung tissues were collected 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h after model establishment. Pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by light microscopy with HE staining, leukocyte infiltration was counted, ratio of lung wet weight to dry weight (W/D) was calculated, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-5 mRNA and protein in lung tissues. Results Inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues, alveolar hemorrhage and interstitial edema developed 2 h and 4 h after model establishment in I/R group and BNx group, respectively. The numbers of leukocytes in lung tissues 4 h, 6 h and 24 h after model establishment in BNx group and 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h after model establishment in I/R group were significantly larger than those in sham operation group (P<0.05). W/D in BNx group and I/R group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group 4 h, 6 h and 24 h after model establishment (P<0.05). The expression of AQP-1 mRNA and protein in lung tissues in BNx group and I/R group was not significantly different from that in sham operation group at each time point (P>0.05). The expression of AQP-5 mRNA and protein in lung tissues in BNx group was significantly lower than that in sham operation group at the time points of 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h (P<0.05), and the expression of AQP-5 mRNA and protein in lung tissues in I/R group was significantly lower than that in sham operation group at the time points of 6 h and 24 h (P<0.05). Conclusion Lung edema is the typical characteristics of acute lung injury after acute kidney injury, which may be related to the inflammatory reaction and expression of AQP-5.