目的 调查上海市中心城区社区居民心脑血管疾病和糖尿病发生和控制情况，分析其与体力活动（职业和运动）强度的关系。方法 按照随机化抽样原则，对上海市卢湾区3个社区的常住居民进行问卷调查。调查内容包括慢性病（高血压、冠心病、心肌梗死、脑梗死和糖尿病）的患病情况（疾病诊断以医保病历中的诊断记录为准）及其体力活动强度。对所有调查对象进行体格、血压测量和血液生化指标检测，了解慢性病相关指标达标情况。分析慢性病的发生和控制与体力活动强度的关系。结果 共10 002名居民参与调查，高血压、冠心病、心肌梗死、脑梗死和糖尿病的患病率为37.7%，其中近1年仍从事各种职业工作者（就职者）占15%；慢性病患者和非慢性病调查对象的平均体质量指数及血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平均未达到控制目标。职业强度调查和分析显示：低体力强度职业者的慢性病患病率约为中等以上体力强度职业者的2.67倍；慢性病患者中，就职者的血压、空腹血糖、血清总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白水平均显著低于非就职者（P<0.05或P<0.01）。运动强度调查和分析显示：冠心病患者参与低强度运动为多，糖尿病患者参与中等强度运动的比例较高。结论 对社区居民应积极开展健康教育，加强健康指标控制。参与低、中强度的运动有利于心脑血管疾病和糖尿病患者病情的控制。

Objective To investigate the development and control of cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in Shanghai urban residents, and explore its correlation with intensity of physical activity (occupation and exercise). Methods The residents of 3 communities in Luwan District of Shanghai were randomly selected and surveyed with questionnaires, which included the conditions of chronic diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and diabetes mellitus) and intensity of physical activity. Physical examinations, blood pressure measurement and blood biochemical indicator detection were conducted, and chronic disease related parameters were determined. The relationship between the development and control of chronic diseases and physical activity was analysed. Results A total of 10 002 residents were involved in the study, among whom the prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and diabetes mellitus was 37.7%. Those who were employed in the latest year accounted for 15%. The mean body mass index, serum total cholesterol and serum low density lipoprotein were not under control. Investigation and analysis in occupational intensity revealed that the prevalence of chronic disease in the employed with low physical intensity was 2.67 times of that in the employed with medium or high physical intensity, and the blood pressure, fast blood glucose, serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein of the employed were significantly lower than those of the unemployed in patients with chronic diseases (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Investigation and analysis of exercise intensity indicated that the majority of patients with coronary heart disease took part in exercises of low intensity, and a higher percent of patients with diabetes mellitus participated in exercises of medium intensity. Conclusion Health education should be conducted in residents, and health related parameters should be controlled. Taking part in exercises of low and medium intensity may help to control the status of cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.