目的 观察玻璃体切割硅油填塞术后的眼压变化，并探讨其可能原因。方法 对45例（45眼）玻璃体切割硅油填塞术后患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，高眼压标准为术后眼压≥24 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）。结果 22例（48.9%）患者出现高眼压，以术后早期(术后2周内)为多（17/22，77.3%）。所有患者经降眼压药物治疗及调整激素用量或停用激素处理后，眼压均控制在正常范围。高眼压组与非高眼压组性别、年龄、病程、屈光度及硅油填充量比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 高眼压是玻璃体切割硅油填充术后常见的并发症，术后眼内组织水肿、葡萄膜炎反应和频繁使用激素类滴眼液等可能是引起高眼压的主要原因。

Objective To observe the changes of intraocular pressure (IOP) following silicone oil tamponade for vitrectomy, and explore the possible causes. Methods The clinical data of 45 patients (45 eyes) undergoing silicone oil tamponade for vitrectomy were retrospectively analysed, and IOP elevation was defined as IOP of 24 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) or higher. Results Postoperative IOP elevation occurred in 22 patients (48.9%), especially in the early period after operation (2 weeks after operation)(17/22, 77.3%). After using IOP-lowering drugs and adjusting or cessation of glucocorticoid eyedrops, the elevated IOP in all patients was controlled within normal limits. There was no significant difference in gender, age, course of disease, refractive diopters and volume of silicone oil tamponade between patients with and without elevated IOP (P>0.05 for all). Conclusion IOP elevation is a common complication following silicone oil tamponade for vitrectomy, and postoperative intraocular tissue edema, uveitis reaction and frequent use of glucocorticoid eyedrops may be the main causes.