心血管畸形是新生儿最常见的出生缺陷，是婴幼儿死亡的主要原因之一。越来越多的孕妇进行产前检查，胎儿超声心动图(FE)检查的需要逐渐增加。FE可以无创诊断胎儿结构性心脏病，并对宫内心律失常及心功能不全进行评估。文章对FE的检查指征、检查时间、检查切面选择、检查方法、临床应用以及进展进行讨论，并指出FE的局限性和未来的发展方向。

Cardiac anomaly is the most common developmental malformation and one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. As more women undergo prenatal diagnosis, the need for fetal echocardiography increases. Fetal echocardiography is a non-invasive method in detection of structural heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia and heart dysfunction. This paper not only discuses the indication, examination time, ultrasonic scanning plane, scanning technique, important advances and clinical application of fetal echocardiography, but also points out the limitation and prospects of research in this fields.