心脏缺血预处理与后处理可减少心肌缺血再灌注损伤。心脏缺血预处理可提高心肌缺血耐受能力、减少心肌梗死面积、保护内皮细胞功能、降低术后室性心律失常发生率、减少术后正性肌力药物的使用和重症监护室驻留时间，心脏缺血后处理可减少心肌细胞凋亡并促进左心室收缩功能恢复。文章对心脏缺血预处理与后处理的临床作用、主要机制和影响因素进行综述。

Heart ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning may have a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heart ischemic preconditioning can improve myocardial tolerance to ischemia, reduce myocardial infarct size, protect endothelial function, and is associated with significant reduction in ventricular arrhythmias, inotrope requirement and intensive care unit stay. Ischemic postconditioning may attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve the recovery of left ventricular systolic function. This article focuses on the clinical application, main mechanism and influencing factors of heart ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning.