糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）是糖尿病常见的并发症，其发病机制主要与代谢途径和生长因子有关。代谢途径包括多元醇途径、己糖胺途径、蛋白激酶C途径的激活以及糖基化终末产物（AGEs）的形成等，氧化应激不仅可以通过上述几种代谢途径间接造成神经元和轴突的损伤，亦可以直接损伤神经细胞；而生长因子则主要与雪旺细胞的合成和凋亡有关。目前，手术干预DPN有很好的疗效，早期诊断和早期治疗能有效防止病情的恶化及进展，降低患肢的感染率和截肢率。该文主要从代谢途径及生长因子两个方面阐述DPN的发病机制。

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes, whose pathogenesis is mostly related to metabolism pathway and growth factors. Metabolism pathway includes activation of polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway and protein kinase C pathway and production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Oxidative stress may indirectly harm the neurons and axons through the pathways mentioned above, and can directly injure the nerve cells as well. Growth factors are mainly associated with the synthesis and apoptosis of Schwann cells. Surgical treatment may yield favorable outcomes for DPN, and early diagnosis and treatment may effectively hinder the deterioration and development of DPN and reduce the rates of infection and amputation for affected limbs. This paper introduces the pathogenesis of DPN on the basis of metabolism pathway and growth factors.