血管内皮细胞的功能改变与慢性肾脏病（CKD）的发生和发展密切相关。由血管内皮细胞功能失调引起的心血管疾病是CKD患者常见的并发症，同时也是患者死亡的重要原因。目前治疗血管内皮功能异常的主要方法是在控制原发疾病的基础上，运用减轻和修复血管内皮损伤的抗氧化药物。由于受多种因素影响，透析对血管内皮细胞功能的改善作用尚有一定局限性。采用基因治疗或细胞移植等新型治疗方法，结合现有治疗策略，改善血管内皮细胞功能或增强其再生能力，可减少CKD患者心血管事件的发生，降低患者病死率。

The changes of vascular endothelial function are closely related to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cardiovascular diseases caused by vascular endothelial dysfunction are the common complications of CKD, and are important causes of mortality in patients with CKD. Based on the control of primary diseases, antioxidant drugs that ameliorate the vascular endothelial injury are now applied in the treatment of vascular endothelial dysfunction. The improvement of vascular endothelial function brought by dialysis is limited to some extent due to many influencing factors. New strategies such as gene therapy and cell transplantation, together with treatment available, may improve function and regeneration of vascular endothelial cells, reduce cardiovascular events, and decrease the mortality of patients with CKD.