微小RNA（miRNAs）主要通过非完全匹配的方式结合靶mRNA 3'-UTR区域使mRNA降解、抑制或激活，以调控体内超过30%的基因表达，在细胞的生长、分化和凋亡中广泛发挥作用。血管新生是心脏血管重构的必要环节。在microRNAs家族中，miR-210、miR-424等可促进血管新生；血管内皮细胞特异性miR-126不仅在维持血管内皮完整性以及炎症反应中作用独特，而且在调节血管新生过程中也有显著作用；miR-221、miR-222、miR-92a及miR-24则具有抗血管新生的属性。因此，进一步研究microRNAs对血管新生的作用，探讨血管新生治疗的新途径对于心肌缺血后血管新生以及血管性疾病的防治具有重要意义。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which exert pathophysiological function by  targeting  3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) as an imperfect match, regulate gene expression over 30% in human genome on the posttranscriptional level by inhibiting the translation of protein from mRNA or by promoting the degradation or expression of mRNA to control cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in different types of cells. Angiogenesis is the necessary process of cardiovascular remolding. MiR-210 and miR-424 are identified as pro-angiogenic miRNAs. Endothelial specific miR-126 plays a vital role in angiogenesis, as well as regulates vascular endothelial integrity and inflammation distinctly. In contrast, miR-221, miR-222, miR-92a and miR-24 inhibit endothelial cell angiogenesis. Thus, further research of role of miRNAs on angiogenesis and novel pathways of therapeutic angiogenesis may offer new significant strategies to treat ischemic heart disease and vascular disease.