Research progress in role of corneal nerve density-sensation-reflex axis imbalance in neurotrophic keratitis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.06.014

Abstract

Abstract:

The corneal nerve density-sensation-reflex axis plays an important role in maintaining the physiological homeostasis of the ocular surface. An in-depth understanding of the function of this axis is essential for the prevention and treatment of neurotrophic keratitis and the protection of visual function. Neurotrophic keratitis is one of the typical pathological models of axis imbalance. It is caused by trigeminal nerve injury, which leads to a reduction in corneal nerve density and corneal innervation, resulting in decreased corneal sensation and impairment of the protective blink reflex. This article reviews the anatomical and physiological basis of this axis and summarizes the quantitative evidence and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of reduced nerve density on axis function. In addition, the assessment methods of axis function are discussed, including the quantification of corneal nerve parameters by in vivo confocal microscopy, the evaluation of corneal sensation using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, and the assessment of blink function by the corneal reflex test. In terms of therapeutic strategies, this article summarizes interventions targeting axis function, including epithelial trophic support and sensory restoration as well as corneal reinnervation. Furthermore, potential novel therapeutic approaches and therapeutic targets for the restoration of axis function are discussed.

Key words: trigeminal nerve disease, keratitis, corneal dystrophy, corneal diseases

CLC Number:

R772

Xie Xinyi, Liu Hanxuan, Ni Ke, Li Jin, Huang Xiaolin. Research progress in role of corneal nerve density-sensation-reflex axis imbalance in neurotrophic keratitis[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2026, 46(6): 810-814.

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References 30

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