Abstract: The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized100 trillion microbes which is called the gut microbiome, whose number vastly outnumbers our bodies. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the process of human health involved with evolution, development, metabolism and immune defense. However, it also has been found to be related with many human diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have begun to reveal how these inhabitants played a role for obstetrics and gynecology related diseases. As discussed in this review, some imbalance of the microbiota ecosystem occurs in several diseases, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, gestational diabetes mellitus and premature birth. Moreover, the reestablishment of the intestinal homeostasis has shown great effects on women related diseases as well as neonatal/childhood outcomes. This paper reviewed the correlation between gut microbiota and obstetrics and gynecology related diseases.

Key words: gut microbiota, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), premature birth, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation