With the progressive initiation of the two- and three-child policy in China, and under the influence of various factors in society, the proportion of high-risk pregnancy has increased, especially those linked to advanced age conception (more than 35 years old). In pathological pregnancy, the incidence of recurrent miscarriage and preterm birth remains high. The diagnosis and treatment of common pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and eclampsia are lagging behind. Diseases that cause maternal death have changed. The cases of deep vein thrombosis causing maternal deaths have increased. Expanding floating population increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The widespread use of assisted reproduction has led to high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The increase in the number of elder mothers has led to high risk in fetal birth defects. All of these have led to a new challenge in terms of maternal safety and care, urging scientists and clinicians to establish a more accurate risk assessment standard for pregnant women, especially for the elderly pregnant women, implement whole pregnancy management and standardized diagnosis and treatment, standardize the treatment for abortion, and establish a triple monitoring system for identifying maternal arterial rhythm, maternal heart rate and fetal heart rate. Finally, a hospital-home monitoring and warning system will be set up based on the Internet of things and information automation. This paper describes the current status, problems and directions of high-risk pregnancy research under the background of the new population policy, and provides new strategies for the protection of maternal and child health.