As the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide, IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by the diffuse deposition of immune complexes formed by glycosylation-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and its specific antibodies (Gd-IgA1-IgG) in the glomerular mesangium. Although the mechanisms of Gd-IgA1 production are still unknown, there is accumulating evidence that Gd-IgA1-producing plasma cells are primarily derived from gut-associated lymphoid tissue, giving rise to the "gut-kidney axis" theory. Further research has discovered that gut microbiota may be involved in IgAN development and progression, and that several interventions to regulate gut microbiota, such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and intestinal immunity modulation, may be used in the treatment of IgAN. In patients with IgAN, targeted-release formulation-budesonide has been shown to reduce urinary protein levels and delay kidney progression. Gut microbiota has promising potential as a preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic target for IgAN, and further research is needed.
LI Junru, OUYANG Yan, XIE Jingyuan. Research progress in the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of IgA nephropathy. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2023, 43(8): 1044-1048 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.08.013
IgA在肠道主要起防御作用,研究显示IgA可通过调控细菌基因表达、作用于特定共生菌定植等方式调节肠道菌群,亦有研究报道肠道菌群可影响IgA的产生[7]。IgA与肠道菌群的相互作用已经被证实参与某些自身免疫性疾病的发生和进展,包括炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)等[8]。流行病学研究[9]发现IBD患者中IgAN的发生率高,且合并IBD的IgAN患者更易进展到ESRD。IgAN的全基因组关联分析研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)研究发现,IgAN与肠道黏膜免疫防御[defensins alpha(DEFA)等]和黏膜抵抗病原体感染[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13(TNFSF13)等]相关基因常见变异相关,同时IgAN与IBD的易感基因存在交叉[caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)等][10];这些遗传学发现提示肠道病变可能与IgAN的发病有关[11]。免疫学研究发现IgAN患者黏膜来源IgA+记忆B细胞/浆细胞增多[12],动物研究证实肠道黏膜淋巴组织是肾脏IgA的主要来源[13]。此外口服布地奈德控释胶囊临床研究发现靶向回肠末端肠黏膜的糖皮质激素可以安全有效治疗具有高进展风险的IgAN[14],并潜在降低循环Gd-IgA1水平。这些发现提示致病性Gd-IgA1可能来源自肠道,靶向肠道黏膜炎症和肠道菌群紊乱的治疗可能可以用于治疗IgAN患者。因此,本文针对IgAN和肠道菌群的相关研究进展进行综述。
QIN小组的研究应用双歧杆菌为主的益生菌改善了IgAN模型小鼠的临床表现[28]。这项研究首先发现IgAN患者双歧杆菌水平明显下降,这种下降与蛋白尿和血尿水平负相关。研究者利用C57BL/6小鼠通过BSA、CCl4和LPS构建IgAN模型,模型组小鼠双歧杆菌水平也明显下降。基于上述双歧杆菌的下降,研究者使用含有双歧杆菌的益生菌喂食小鼠,发现益生菌可以明显改善肠道菌群失调,显著降低尿蛋白/肌酐比(urine protein creatinine ratio,uPCR)。
The study information was retrieved by LI Junru. The topic selection and design was carried out by OUYANG Yan and XIE Jingyuan. The manuscript was revised by OUYANG Yan and XIE Jingyuan. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.
利益冲突声明
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
COMPETING INTERESTS
All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.
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... IgA在肠道主要起防御作用,研究显示IgA可通过调控细菌基因表达、作用于特定共生菌定植等方式调节肠道菌群,亦有研究报道肠道菌群可影响IgA的产生[7].IgA与肠道菌群的相互作用已经被证实参与某些自身免疫性疾病的发生和进展,包括炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)等[8].流行病学研究[9]发现IBD患者中IgAN的发生率高,且合并IBD的IgAN患者更易进展到ESRD.IgAN的全基因组关联分析研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)研究发现,IgAN与肠道黏膜免疫防御[defensins alpha(DEFA)等]和黏膜抵抗病原体感染[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13(TNFSF13)等]相关基因常见变异相关,同时IgAN与IBD的易感基因存在交叉[caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)等][10];这些遗传学发现提示肠道病变可能与IgAN的发病有关[11].免疫学研究发现IgAN患者黏膜来源IgA+记忆B细胞/浆细胞增多[12],动物研究证实肠道黏膜淋巴组织是肾脏IgA的主要来源[13].此外口服布地奈德控释胶囊临床研究发现靶向回肠末端肠黏膜的糖皮质激素可以安全有效治疗具有高进展风险的IgAN[14],并潜在降低循环Gd-IgA1水平.这些发现提示致病性Gd-IgA1可能来源自肠道,靶向肠道黏膜炎症和肠道菌群紊乱的治疗可能可以用于治疗IgAN患者.因此,本文针对IgAN和肠道菌群的相关研究进展进行综述. ...
1
... IgA在肠道主要起防御作用,研究显示IgA可通过调控细菌基因表达、作用于特定共生菌定植等方式调节肠道菌群,亦有研究报道肠道菌群可影响IgA的产生[7].IgA与肠道菌群的相互作用已经被证实参与某些自身免疫性疾病的发生和进展,包括炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)等[8].流行病学研究[9]发现IBD患者中IgAN的发生率高,且合并IBD的IgAN患者更易进展到ESRD.IgAN的全基因组关联分析研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)研究发现,IgAN与肠道黏膜免疫防御[defensins alpha(DEFA)等]和黏膜抵抗病原体感染[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13(TNFSF13)等]相关基因常见变异相关,同时IgAN与IBD的易感基因存在交叉[caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)等][10];这些遗传学发现提示肠道病变可能与IgAN的发病有关[11].免疫学研究发现IgAN患者黏膜来源IgA+记忆B细胞/浆细胞增多[12],动物研究证实肠道黏膜淋巴组织是肾脏IgA的主要来源[13].此外口服布地奈德控释胶囊临床研究发现靶向回肠末端肠黏膜的糖皮质激素可以安全有效治疗具有高进展风险的IgAN[14],并潜在降低循环Gd-IgA1水平.这些发现提示致病性Gd-IgA1可能来源自肠道,靶向肠道黏膜炎症和肠道菌群紊乱的治疗可能可以用于治疗IgAN患者.因此,本文针对IgAN和肠道菌群的相关研究进展进行综述. ...
1
... IgA在肠道主要起防御作用,研究显示IgA可通过调控细菌基因表达、作用于特定共生菌定植等方式调节肠道菌群,亦有研究报道肠道菌群可影响IgA的产生[7].IgA与肠道菌群的相互作用已经被证实参与某些自身免疫性疾病的发生和进展,包括炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)等[8].流行病学研究[9]发现IBD患者中IgAN的发生率高,且合并IBD的IgAN患者更易进展到ESRD.IgAN的全基因组关联分析研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)研究发现,IgAN与肠道黏膜免疫防御[defensins alpha(DEFA)等]和黏膜抵抗病原体感染[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13(TNFSF13)等]相关基因常见变异相关,同时IgAN与IBD的易感基因存在交叉[caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)等][10];这些遗传学发现提示肠道病变可能与IgAN的发病有关[11].免疫学研究发现IgAN患者黏膜来源IgA+记忆B细胞/浆细胞增多[12],动物研究证实肠道黏膜淋巴组织是肾脏IgA的主要来源[13].此外口服布地奈德控释胶囊临床研究发现靶向回肠末端肠黏膜的糖皮质激素可以安全有效治疗具有高进展风险的IgAN[14],并潜在降低循环Gd-IgA1水平.这些发现提示致病性Gd-IgA1可能来源自肠道,靶向肠道黏膜炎症和肠道菌群紊乱的治疗可能可以用于治疗IgAN患者.因此,本文针对IgAN和肠道菌群的相关研究进展进行综述. ...
3
... IgA在肠道主要起防御作用,研究显示IgA可通过调控细菌基因表达、作用于特定共生菌定植等方式调节肠道菌群,亦有研究报道肠道菌群可影响IgA的产生[7].IgA与肠道菌群的相互作用已经被证实参与某些自身免疫性疾病的发生和进展,包括炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)等[8].流行病学研究[9]发现IBD患者中IgAN的发生率高,且合并IBD的IgAN患者更易进展到ESRD.IgAN的全基因组关联分析研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)研究发现,IgAN与肠道黏膜免疫防御[defensins alpha(DEFA)等]和黏膜抵抗病原体感染[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13(TNFSF13)等]相关基因常见变异相关,同时IgAN与IBD的易感基因存在交叉[caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)等][10];这些遗传学发现提示肠道病变可能与IgAN的发病有关[11].免疫学研究发现IgAN患者黏膜来源IgA+记忆B细胞/浆细胞增多[12],动物研究证实肠道黏膜淋巴组织是肾脏IgA的主要来源[13].此外口服布地奈德控释胶囊临床研究发现靶向回肠末端肠黏膜的糖皮质激素可以安全有效治疗具有高进展风险的IgAN[14],并潜在降低循环Gd-IgA1水平.这些发现提示致病性Gd-IgA1可能来源自肠道,靶向肠道黏膜炎症和肠道菌群紊乱的治疗可能可以用于治疗IgAN患者.因此,本文针对IgAN和肠道菌群的相关研究进展进行综述. ...
... IgA在肠道主要起防御作用,研究显示IgA可通过调控细菌基因表达、作用于特定共生菌定植等方式调节肠道菌群,亦有研究报道肠道菌群可影响IgA的产生[7].IgA与肠道菌群的相互作用已经被证实参与某些自身免疫性疾病的发生和进展,包括炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)等[8].流行病学研究[9]发现IBD患者中IgAN的发生率高,且合并IBD的IgAN患者更易进展到ESRD.IgAN的全基因组关联分析研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)研究发现,IgAN与肠道黏膜免疫防御[defensins alpha(DEFA)等]和黏膜抵抗病原体感染[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13(TNFSF13)等]相关基因常见变异相关,同时IgAN与IBD的易感基因存在交叉[caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)等][10];这些遗传学发现提示肠道病变可能与IgAN的发病有关[11].免疫学研究发现IgAN患者黏膜来源IgA+记忆B细胞/浆细胞增多[12],动物研究证实肠道黏膜淋巴组织是肾脏IgA的主要来源[13].此外口服布地奈德控释胶囊临床研究发现靶向回肠末端肠黏膜的糖皮质激素可以安全有效治疗具有高进展风险的IgAN[14],并潜在降低循环Gd-IgA1水平.这些发现提示致病性Gd-IgA1可能来源自肠道,靶向肠道黏膜炎症和肠道菌群紊乱的治疗可能可以用于治疗IgAN患者.因此,本文针对IgAN和肠道菌群的相关研究进展进行综述. ...
2
... IgA在肠道主要起防御作用,研究显示IgA可通过调控细菌基因表达、作用于特定共生菌定植等方式调节肠道菌群,亦有研究报道肠道菌群可影响IgA的产生[7].IgA与肠道菌群的相互作用已经被证实参与某些自身免疫性疾病的发生和进展,包括炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)等[8].流行病学研究[9]发现IBD患者中IgAN的发生率高,且合并IBD的IgAN患者更易进展到ESRD.IgAN的全基因组关联分析研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)研究发现,IgAN与肠道黏膜免疫防御[defensins alpha(DEFA)等]和黏膜抵抗病原体感染[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13(TNFSF13)等]相关基因常见变异相关,同时IgAN与IBD的易感基因存在交叉[caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)等][10];这些遗传学发现提示肠道病变可能与IgAN的发病有关[11].免疫学研究发现IgAN患者黏膜来源IgA+记忆B细胞/浆细胞增多[12],动物研究证实肠道黏膜淋巴组织是肾脏IgA的主要来源[13].此外口服布地奈德控释胶囊临床研究发现靶向回肠末端肠黏膜的糖皮质激素可以安全有效治疗具有高进展风险的IgAN[14],并潜在降低循环Gd-IgA1水平.这些发现提示致病性Gd-IgA1可能来源自肠道,靶向肠道黏膜炎症和肠道菌群紊乱的治疗可能可以用于治疗IgAN患者.因此,本文针对IgAN和肠道菌群的相关研究进展进行综述. ...
... IgA在肠道主要起防御作用,研究显示IgA可通过调控细菌基因表达、作用于特定共生菌定植等方式调节肠道菌群,亦有研究报道肠道菌群可影响IgA的产生[7].IgA与肠道菌群的相互作用已经被证实参与某些自身免疫性疾病的发生和进展,包括炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)等[8].流行病学研究[9]发现IBD患者中IgAN的发生率高,且合并IBD的IgAN患者更易进展到ESRD.IgAN的全基因组关联分析研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)研究发现,IgAN与肠道黏膜免疫防御[defensins alpha(DEFA)等]和黏膜抵抗病原体感染[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13(TNFSF13)等]相关基因常见变异相关,同时IgAN与IBD的易感基因存在交叉[caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)等][10];这些遗传学发现提示肠道病变可能与IgAN的发病有关[11].免疫学研究发现IgAN患者黏膜来源IgA+记忆B细胞/浆细胞增多[12],动物研究证实肠道黏膜淋巴组织是肾脏IgA的主要来源[13].此外口服布地奈德控释胶囊临床研究发现靶向回肠末端肠黏膜的糖皮质激素可以安全有效治疗具有高进展风险的IgAN[14],并潜在降低循环Gd-IgA1水平.这些发现提示致病性Gd-IgA1可能来源自肠道,靶向肠道黏膜炎症和肠道菌群紊乱的治疗可能可以用于治疗IgAN患者.因此,本文针对IgAN和肠道菌群的相关研究进展进行综述. ...
1
... IgA在肠道主要起防御作用,研究显示IgA可通过调控细菌基因表达、作用于特定共生菌定植等方式调节肠道菌群,亦有研究报道肠道菌群可影响IgA的产生[7].IgA与肠道菌群的相互作用已经被证实参与某些自身免疫性疾病的发生和进展,包括炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)等[8].流行病学研究[9]发现IBD患者中IgAN的发生率高,且合并IBD的IgAN患者更易进展到ESRD.IgAN的全基因组关联分析研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)研究发现,IgAN与肠道黏膜免疫防御[defensins alpha(DEFA)等]和黏膜抵抗病原体感染[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13(TNFSF13)等]相关基因常见变异相关,同时IgAN与IBD的易感基因存在交叉[caspase recruitment domain family member 9(CARD9)等][10];这些遗传学发现提示肠道病变可能与IgAN的发病有关[11].免疫学研究发现IgAN患者黏膜来源IgA+记忆B细胞/浆细胞增多[12],动物研究证实肠道黏膜淋巴组织是肾脏IgA的主要来源[13].此外口服布地奈德控释胶囊临床研究发现靶向回肠末端肠黏膜的糖皮质激素可以安全有效治疗具有高进展风险的IgAN[14],并潜在降低循环Gd-IgA1水平.这些发现提示致病性Gd-IgA1可能来源自肠道,靶向肠道黏膜炎症和肠道菌群紊乱的治疗可能可以用于治疗IgAN患者.因此,本文针对IgAN和肠道菌群的相关研究进展进行综述. ...