Objective ·To analyze the imaging characteristics and diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and explore its application to distinguishing between classic and aggressive variants of MCL. Methods ·A retrospective analysis was conducted on the 18F-FDG PET/CT images and clinical data of 116 pathologically confirmed, newly diagnosed MCL patients. The imaging features of intra- and extra-nodal lesions were summarized. The accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing bone marrow and gastrointestinal involvement in MCL was evaluated. Furthermore, differences in 18F-FDG PET/CT findings and clinical characteristics between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL were analyzed. Results ·Among the 116 patients, 100.0% showed positive findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT, with 99.1% exhibiting abnormal lymph nodes and 85.3% having extra-nodal involvement. The most common extra-nodal sites were the spleen, Waldeyer's ring, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract. Compared with bone marrow aspiration results, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting bone marrow involvement in MCL were 43.4%, 91.5%, and 66.0%, respectively. When compared with endoscopic biopsy results, the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting gastric and intestinal involvement was 100.0% and 94.1%, respectively, with specificity of 75.0% and 100.0%, and accuracy of 92.9% and 94.7%, respectively. There were significant differences in the highest maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and Ki-67 index between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL, with SUVmax positively correlated with Ki-67 index. By using SUVmax > 10.4 as the diagnostic threshold, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL were 73.9% and 77.4%, respectively, with an AUC value of 0.797. Conclusion ·18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrates a high detection rate for both intra- and extra-nodal lesions in MCL patients. It exhibits high specificity in diagnosing bone marrow involvement and high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing gastrointestinal involvement, providing reliable non-invasive diagnostic information for MCL bone marrow and gastrointestinal involvement. However, it is not a substitute for pathological examination. Additionally, the positive correlation between SUVmax and Ki-67 index allows SUVmax to effectively differentiate between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL, with a higher SUVmax (>10.4) indicating a higher likelihood of the aggressive variant. These findings have clinical implications for treatment planning and prognosis assessment.
REN Yixuan, CHEN Cheng, CAI Mingci, CHEN Jiamin, YANG Xinxin, WANG Chao, LIN Xiaozhu, CHENG Shu, JIANG Xufeng, CHEN Dongxu. Research on the characteristics of 18F-FDG PET/CT in mantle cell lymphoma and the discrimination between cellular morphological variants. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2024, 44(12): 1561-1569 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.12.009
Note: A. PET/CT showed increased, diffuse, uneven metabolism in the spleen. The arrows indicate a localized lesion of metabolic elevation without density change. B. PET/CT showed diffuse, uneven metabolism in the spleen. The arrows indicate a localized lesion of metabolic elevation with increased density. C. PET/CT showed an increase in diffuse, uniform spleen metabolism without density change.
Fig1
18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of the spleens in patients with MCL
Note: A. MIP showed uniformly elevated diffuse metabolism in the axial bones and proximal long bones of the extremities. B. PET/CT showed an uneven increase in diffuse metabolism in the proximal medullary cavity of both femurs, accompanied by slight heterogeneity in density. C. MIP showed a diffuse and uneven increase in skeletal metabolism throughout the body.
Fig 2
18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of bone marrow in patients with MCL
Note: A. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed multifocal gastric wall thickening with increased metabolism in the body and antrum of the stomach (arrows). B. Sagittal view of 18F-FDG PET/CT showed diffuse increased metabolism in the ascending colon wall (arrows). C. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed diffuse thickening of the stomach wall in the body with increased metabolism, and nodules of soft tissue density in the gallbladder with slightly increased metabolism (arrows). D. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed diffuse mild hypermetabolism of the thyroid. E. PET/CT showed multiple subcutaneous nodules with increased metabolism (arrows). F. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed right scrotal nodules with increased metabolism (arrows).
Fig 3
18F-FDG PET/CT images of lesions at different sites in patients with MCL
REN Yixuan was responsible for the manuscript writing and data analysis. CHEN Cheng and CHEN Jiamin were responsible for revising the paper. YANG Xinxin, WANG Chao and LIN Xiaozhu were responsible for image analysis. CAI Mingci and CHENG Shu were responsible for clinical diagnosis and staging. JIANG Xufeng was responsible for revising the paper and controlling the progress. CHEN Dongxu was responsible for revising the paper and English language polishing.
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