上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2024, 44(4): 474-481 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.04.008

论著 · 临床研究

血清肝素结合蛋白对重度烧伤患者预后及脓毒症发生的早期预警价值

宋晨璐,, 向军, 杨惠忠,

上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院灼伤整形科,上海 200025

Early alarming effect of serum heparin-binding protein on prognosis and occurrence of sepsis in severely burned patients

SONG Chenlu,, XIANG Jun, YANG Huizhong,

Department of Burn and Plastic, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

通讯作者: 杨惠忠,电子信箱:401135865@qq.com

编委: 包玲

收稿日期: 2024-01-29   接受日期: 2024-03-07   网络出版日期: 2024-04-28

基金资助: 瑞金青年培育计划

Corresponding authors: YANG Huizhong, E-mail:401135865@qq.com.

Received: 2024-01-29   Accepted: 2024-03-07   Online: 2024-04-28

作者简介 About authors

宋晨璐(1992—),女,住院医师,博士;电子信箱:songchenlu@163.com。 E-mail:songchenlu@163.com

摘要

目的·分析重度烧伤患者早期血清肝素结合蛋白(heparin-binding protein,HBP)表达水平,探讨其对患者预后及脓毒症发生的预警价值。方法·回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院灼伤整形科2021年1月—2023年5月收治的52例重度烧伤患者的临床资料。收集患者性别、年龄、烧伤总面积、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、是否行气管插管或气管切开等一般资料。收集患者入院48 h内的HBP、血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、血清C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)水平和白细胞计数,以及入院48 h内急性生理与慢性健康评估Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ,APACHE Ⅱ)和序贯性器官衰竭评估(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)的评分。根据出院时的状态,将患者分为死亡组和存活组;根据住院期间是否发生脓毒症,将患者分为脓毒症组和非脓毒症组;根据是否发生休克,将脓毒症患者分为脓毒症无休克组和脓毒症休克组。采用Logistic回归分析重度烧伤患者死亡、脓毒症及脓毒症休克的危险因素。绘制受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评估上述指标对患者死亡、脓毒症,以及脓毒症休克的早期预警作用。结果·与存活组比较,死亡组患者年龄较大,差异有统计学意义(P=0.036);烧伤总面积及行气管插管或切开在是否发生脓毒症患者中差异有统计学意义(P=0.011,P=0.001)。与存活组相比,死亡组患者血清HBP较高,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002);与非脓毒症组相比,脓毒症组患者血清HBP水平、APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分较高,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其余指标差异均无统计学意义。与脓毒症无休克组比较,脓毒症休克组患者HBP水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008)。Logistic回归分析显示,HBP是住院期间重度烧伤患者死亡的独立危险因素,同时也是重度烧伤后脓毒症患者发生脓毒症休克的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,HBP水平预测住院期间患者死亡的ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.798;当HBP≥147.03 ng/mL时,其敏感度和特异度分别为88.33%和70.00%。HBP水平预测重度烧伤后脓毒症患者出现脓毒症休克的AUC为0.789;当HBP≥147.03 ng/mL时,其敏感度和特异度分别为90.00%和63.20%。结论·入院48 h内的血清HBP水平可作为重度烧伤患者预后以及重度烧伤脓毒症患者是否发生脓毒症休克的预警指标。

关键词: 肝素结合蛋白 ; 重度烧伤 ; 脓毒症 ; 预警指标 ; 预后

Abstract

Objective ·To study early expression levels of serum heparin-binding protein (HBP) and its potential value in early alarming for prognosis and occurrence of sepsis in patients with severe burns. Methods ·Retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of 52 severely burned patients admitted to the Department of Burn and Plastic, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine during January 2021 to May 2023. General data of patients on gender, age, total burn area, body mass index (BMI), and whether endotracheal intubation or incision was performed were collected. The level of HBP, serum procalcitonin (PCT), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and the count of white blood cells within 48 h of admission were collected. The scores of acute physiological and chronic health assessment evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) within 48 h of admission were collected. Patients were divided into death group and survival group according to the status at discharge. According to whether sepsis occurred during hospitalization, the patients were divided into sepsis group and non-sepsis group. According to whether shock occurred, the septic patients were divided into sepsis without shock group and septic shock group. Risk factors for death, sepsis, and septic shock in severely burned patients were analyzed by using Logistic regression models. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was established to study risk factors, which may alarm the occurrence of poor prognosis, sepsis, and septic shock. Results ·Compared with the survival group, patients in the death group were older, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.036). Differences in burn area and whether tracheal intubation or tracheotomy was performed were statistically significant in patients with or without sepsis (P=0.011, P=0.001). Compared with the survival group, the serum HBP levels were higher in the death group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.002). Compared with the non-sepsis group, patients in the sepsis group had higher levels of serum HBP, APACHE Ⅱ scores, and SOFA scores, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The differences in other indicators were not statistically significant. Compared with the sepsis without shock group, the septic shock group had higher HBP levels, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.008). Logistic regression analysis showed that HBP was an independent risk factor for death in patients with severe burns during hospitalization and also an independent risk factor for the occurrence of septic shock in patients with sepsis after severe burns. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for HBP in predicting patient mortality during hospitalization was 0.798; when HBP ≥147.03 ng/mL, its sensitivity and specificity were 88.33% and 70.00%, respectively. The AUC for HBP in predicting the occurrence of septic shock in patients with sepsis after severe burns was 0.789; when HBP ≥147.03 ng/mL, its sensitivity and specificity were 90.00% and 63.20%, respectively. Conclusion ·The level of serum HBP within 48 h of admission might be used as an early alarming index for prognosis in patients with severe burns and for the occurrence of septic shock in patients with sepsis following severe burns.

Keywords: heparin-binding protein (HBP) ; severe burn ; sepsis ; early alarming index ; prognosis

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宋晨璐, 向军, 杨惠忠. 血清肝素结合蛋白对重度烧伤患者预后及脓毒症发生的早期预警价值. 上海交通大学学报(医学版)[J], 2024, 44(4): 474-481 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.04.008

SONG Chenlu, XIANG Jun, YANG Huizhong. Early alarming effect of serum heparin-binding protein on prognosis and occurrence of sepsis in severely burned patients. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2024, 44(4): 474-481 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.04.008

重度烧伤患者皮肤防御屏障受损、病原微生物持续侵袭、机体免疫功能紊乱,以及存在创面坏死组织等,极易引发全身性感染甚至脓毒症1。目前,脓毒症已成为严重烧伤患者不良预后的首要原因2-3。脓毒症患者一旦发生序贯性多系统功能紊乱,往往难以纠正。因此,脓毒症的早期预警、及时诊断与干预是重度烧伤患者救治成功的关键。感染生化标志物,如血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、血清C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)等,有一定的辅助诊断价值,但存在特异度不高、反应时间较长等问题。

肝素结合蛋白(heparin-binding protein,HBP)作为一种急性时相蛋白,对重症监护病房患者严重感染及脓毒症发生发展的预警价值已备受关注4-5。然而,该指标对重度烧伤患者预后的预警价值鲜有报道。本研究回顾性分析重度烧伤后48 h内的HBP表达水平对患者死亡和脓毒症发生的预警价值,并探讨该指标与脓毒症患者预后的相关性,旨在为重度烧伤患者脓毒症的早期诊断、及时干预,以及降低重度烧伤患者的不良预后提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院灼伤整形科2021年1月—2023年5月收治的重度烧伤患者的临床资料。纳入标准:①年龄18~98岁。②烧伤总面积≥50%总体表面积(total body surface area,TBSA),烧伤总面积根据中国烧伤面积九分法和手掌法综合测量与计算。③烧伤深度为深Ⅱ~Ⅲ度。④烧伤原因为热液或火焰烧伤。⑤烧伤后8 h内收治入院。排除标准:①烧伤后72 h内死亡。②烧伤时合并颅脑外伤、腹腔脏器损伤、爆震伤、吸入性损伤、骨折等,或合并化学性烧伤、创面严重污染。③既往存在严重的系统性疾病,如心脏、肺、肝脏、肾脏和血液系统疾病,以及恶性肿瘤者。④孕产妇及哺乳期妇女。⑤长期使用激素或免疫抑制剂者。⑥病历资料不完整者。⑦中途自动放弃治疗者。⑧来院时已发生严重低血容量休克及低氧血症者。

1.2 研究对象分组及依据

根据出院时的状态,将患者分为死亡组和存活组。根据住院期间是否发生脓毒症,将患者分为脓毒症组和非脓毒症组。根据有无休克发生,将脓毒症患者分为脓毒症无休克组和脓毒症休克组。烧伤脓毒症的诊断标准采用脓毒症3.0(Sepsis 3.0)标准5,并参考2012年中国医师协会烧伤科医师分会提出烧伤脓毒症的诊断指南6。烧伤脓毒症休克的诊断标准7为在明确诊断脓毒症的基础上,伴有持续性低血压,但在充分补充血容量的基础上,仍需要升压药物以维持平均动脉压≥65 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)且血清乳酸水平>2 mmol/L。

1.3 治疗方法及资料收集

患者入院后均常规行有效的液体复苏及气道管理,予创面及全身抗感染措施、营养支持、脏器功能保护支持治疗。创面处理包括换药、分期分批行切削痂及植皮手术等。

收集患者的一般资料,如性别、年龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、烧伤总面积、致伤因素、是否行气管插管或气管切开等。记录患者入院48 h内的急性生理与慢性健康评估Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ,APACHE Ⅱ)和序贯性器官衰竭评估(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分,PCT、CRP、HBP水平,以及白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)计数,微生物培养结果等指标。临床化验标本均送至上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院临床检验科检测。

各指标的正常参考值为:PCT<0.5 μg/L、CRP 0~10 mg/L、WBC(4~10)×109/L、HBP<11.4 ng/mL。APACHE Ⅱ评分8由急性生理学评分(acute physiology score,APS)、年龄评分、慢性健康状况评分(chronic health score,CPS)3部分组成,最后得分为三者之和。其理论最高分为71分,分值越高,表示病情越重。SOFA评分9项目包括呼吸系统、凝血系统、消化系统(肝功能)、循环系统、神经系统和泌尿系统(肾功能)六大器官或系统功能评分组成;得分越高,提示器官/系统功能障碍或衰竭程度越严重。

1.4 统计学分析

使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据描述和统计分析。正态分布的定量资料用x±s表示,采用独立样本t检验进行分析;非正态分布的定量资料用MQ1Q3)表示,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验分析。定性资料用频数(百分率)表示,采用χ2检验及Fisher精确概率法分析。

采用Logistic回归分析影响因素,将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素分析,建立预测模型,并绘制受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC曲线)。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 患者一般情况

共纳入52例患者,其中男性46例,女性6例;平均年龄(47±14)岁,平均BMI(23.72±3.31)kg/m2,烧伤总面积占TBSA比例为(76.80±13.25)%,37例(71.15%)患者行气管切开或气管插管治疗。

不同组别患者的一般情况比较显示,年龄对患者是否存活差异有统计学意义(P=0.036),烧伤总面积及是否行气管插管或气管切开对于重度烧伤患者是否发生脓毒症差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其余资料差异均无统计学意义(表1~3)。

表1   死亡组与存活组患者一般情况比较

Tab 1  Comparison of the general situation of death and survival groups

ItemDeath (n=12)Survival (n=40)t/χ2 valueP value
Gender/n(%)0.4020.526
Male10 (83.33)36 (90.00)
Female2 (16.67)4 (10.00)
Age/year54.17±15.2544.43±13.25-2.1580.036
Percentage of TBSA/%82.50±10.6671.55±14.08-2.4820.165
Endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy/n(%)11 (91.67)26 (65.00)3.1980.074
BMI/(kg·m-2)22.42±3.4224.20±3.151.6800.098

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表2   脓毒症组与非脓毒症组患者一般情况比较

Tab 2  Comparison of the general situation of patients with and without sepsis

ItemSepsis (n=29)Non-sepsis (n=23)t/Z/χ2 valueP value
Gender/n(%)0.3270.568
Male25 (86.21)21 (91.30)
Female4 (13.79)2 (8.70)
Age/year47.62±13.3244.43±13.25-0.5370.554
Percentage of TBSA/%85.00 (75.00, 89.50)61.00 (53.00, 75.00)2.3930.011
Endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy/n(%)26 (89.66)11 (47.83)10.9300.001
BMI/(kg·m-2)23.60±3.4324.04±3.120.4810.636
Prognosis/n(%)0.7510.386
Survival21 (72.41)19 (82.61)
Death8 (27.59)4 (17.39)

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表3   脓毒症休克组与无休克组患者一般情况比较

Tab 3  Comparison of the general situation of patients with and without septic shock

ItemNon-septic shock (n=19)Septic shock (n=10)t/χ2 valueP value
Gender/n(%)3.3720.105
Male18 (94.74)7 (70.00)
Female1 (5.26)3 (30.00)
Age/year47.26±14.9448.30±10.250.1960.846
Percentage of TBSA/%79.79±10.7885.30±8.081.4160.168
Endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy/n(%)17 (89.47)9 (90.00)0.0020.965
BMI/(kg·m-2)23.98±3.4522.87±3.46-0.8260.416

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2.2 死亡组与存活组患者实验室指标及APACHE Ⅱ、SOFA评分比较

表4所示,死亡组患者入院48 h内的HBP、PCT、CRP水平,及WBC计数均较存活组升高,其中HBP在2组间的差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),其他指标差异无统计学意义。此外,与存活组相比,死亡组患者入院48 h内APACHE Ⅱ评分较高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.032);2组SOFA评分差异无统计学意义。

表4   死亡组与存活组患者实验室指标及APACHE Ⅱ、SOFA评分的比较

Tab 4  Comparison of laboratory results, APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA scores in different prognosis groups of patients

ItemDeath (n=12)Survival (n=40)t/χ2 valueP value
HBP/(ng·mL-1)201.92 (156.12, 260.82)101.96 (20.02, 168.90)3.3060.002
WBC/(×109·L-1)22.96±8.7221.81±10.140.3540.725
CRP/(mg·L-1)108.47 (3.35, 212.60)65.78 (6.15, 108.28)1.7050.094
PCT/(μg·L-1)4.50 (1.43, 6.78)4.47 (0.50, 5.45)0.0100.286
APACHE Ⅱ/score18.50±2.6517.00±1.872.2080.032
SOFA/score15.33±2.6414.98±1.850.5320.597

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2.3 脓毒症组与非脓毒症组患者实验室指标及APACHE Ⅱ、SOFA评分比较

表5所示,与非脓毒症组相比,脓毒症组患者入院48 h内的HBP水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.014),其他实验室指标差异无统计学意义。此外,脓毒症组入院48 h内APACHE Ⅱ、SOFA评分均比非脓毒症组高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与脓毒症无休克组[114.36(19.47,169.24)]相比,患者入院48 h内的HBP水平在脓毒症休克组[202.77(71.58,300.00)]较高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008)。

表5   脓毒症与非脓毒症患者实验室指标及APACHE Ⅱ、SOFA评分的比较

Tab 5  Comparison of laboratory results, APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA scores in different groups of patients with and without sepsis

ItemSepsis (n=29)Non-sepsis (n=23)t/χ2 valueP value
HBP/(ng·mL-1)144.84 (38.27, 258.40)75.13 (21.36, 98.70)2.5560.014
WBC/(×109·L-1)24.07±9.8519.55±9.261.6880.098
CRP/(mg·L-1)83.99 (11.30, 135.25)65.09 (4.90, 116.40)0.8720.680
PCT/(μg·L-1)5.12 (0.79, 6.32)3.05 (0.52, 1.17)1.0780.286
APACHE Ⅱ/score18.21±2.1616.26±1.573.6210.032
SOFA/score15.86±1.8614.04±1.803.5490.001

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2.4 Logistic回归分析重度烧伤患者死亡及发生脓毒症休克的危险因素

将患者住院期间是否死亡作为结局指标,纳入HBP、CRP、PCT水平和WBC计数等进行Logistic回归分析,结果(表6)显示,入院后48 h内的HBP水平(OR=1.011,95%CI 1.001~1.095)与其是否死亡有关。将是否发生脓毒症休克作为结局指标,纳入上述指标进行Logistic回归分析,结果(表7)显示,入院48 h的HBP水平(OR=1.013,95%CI 0.001~2.064)与其是否发生脓毒症休克有关。

表6   Logistic回归分析重度烧伤患者死亡的危险因素

Tab 6  Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors affecting the death of severely burned patients

VariableβSEP valueOR95%CI
WBC-0.0030.0450.9440.997-0.122‒0.109
HBP0.0110.0040.0131.0111.001‒1.095
CRP0.0040.0050.4601.004-0.015‒0.190
PCT-0.0410.0640.5180.960-0.240‒0.148

Note: SE—standard error.

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表7   Logistic回归分析烧伤脓毒症患者发生脓毒症休克的危险因素

Tab 7  Logistic regression analysis of risk factors affecting the occurrence of septic shock in severely burned patients with sepsis

VariableβSEP valueOR95%CI
WBC0.0030.0640.9651.003-1.735‒6.315
HBP0.0130.0060.0481.0130.001‒2.064
CRP0.0130.0090.1491.013-0.013‒1.575
PCT0.0330.0710.6450.968-12.644‒2.125

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2.5 HBP水平对重度烧伤患者死亡风险的预警价值

ROC曲线(图1)显示,HBP水平预测重度烧伤患者死亡的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.798(95%CI 0.681~0.915,P=0.002);当HBP≥147.03 ng/mL时,其敏感度和特异度分别为88.33%和70.00%。

图1

图1   HBP水平预测重度烧伤患者死亡风险的ROC曲线

Fig 1   ROC curve for HBP value in warning of mortality risk in severely burned patients


2.6 HBP对重度烧伤脓毒症患者发生脓毒症休克的预警价值

ROC曲线(图2)显示,HBP水平预测重度烧伤脓毒症患者发生脓毒症休克的AUC为0.789(95%CI 0.626~0.953,P=0.012);当HBP≥147.03 ng/mL时,其敏感度和特异度分别为90.00%和63.20%。

图2

图2   HBP水平预测重度烧伤脓毒症患者脓毒症休克的ROC曲线

Fig 2   ROC curve of HBP value in warning of septic shock in severely burned patients with sepsis


3 讨论

脓毒症是机体对感染反应失调导致的危及生命的器官功能障碍。烧伤具有其独特的病理生理特点。烧伤患者多数经历2个感染高峰期,一个是水肿回收期(烧伤后3~7 d),一个发生在烧伤后2~3周。烧伤脓毒症是重度烧伤患者最常见的并发症之一,往往由多重耐药菌引起,治疗上十分棘手。据统计,国内烧伤脓毒症的发病率高达43.9%6。患者一旦发生脓毒症,体内炎症介质、免疫因子形成的瀑布效应将导致全身炎症反应综合征以及不可逆的多器官功能损害,并可以引起脓毒症休克。烧伤脓毒症合并脓毒症休克的患者病死率高达70%7。因此,早期诊断、及时干预、动态评估是减少重度烧伤患者发生脓毒症和降低其不良预后的关键措施。鉴于重度烧伤患者的严重感染通常发生在伤后3 d~3周,有必要把评估的时相点“前移”。然而伤后48 h内正处于烧伤休克期,感染征象尚未完全“显露”或被低血容量等的休克期临床表现所“掩盖”,体温、中性粒细胞百分率、WBC计数、血小板计数等传统指标缺乏特异性,而此时的细菌学检测往往呈阴性,使得单纯的临床评估缺乏有力依据。

血清生化标志物是近年发展起来的对感染判断有益的临床检测指标,能够帮助医师快速判断感染的存在以及推断可能感染病原体的类型。目前常用的生化标志物包括CRP、PCT、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)等,在感染性疾病的诊治中有一定的预警价值。但CRP和IL-6等指标的特异性较差10,指标变化受手术、创伤等因素的影响较多。PCT是一种无激素活性的糖蛋白,其与细菌感染的严重程度呈正相关;在感染2~4 h后迅速上升,12~48 h达到峰值。PCT的特异性较高,受到国内外众多指南共识推荐,但其受非感染因素影响多,有一定的局限性,尤其是在烧伤后早期。血培养阳性是临床诊断脓毒症的另一标准,但是等待培养结果的时间较长,早期标本培养的阳性率低,且容易形成假阴性,不能达到早期、快速预警的目的。

既往研究411表明,HBP在细菌感染和脓毒症的诊断上具有早期、特异、灵敏的特点。HBP是唯一存在于中性粒细胞颗粒中的可分泌蛋白质。健康人血液中HBP水平一般不超过10 ng/mL。一旦感染,中性粒细胞被激活,分泌小泡迅速出胞,释放出HBP,其可诱导内皮细胞表达细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1),使得多形核白细胞(polymorphonuclear leukocyte,PMN)黏附在内皮表面,促进PMN释放HBP,HBP再激活Ca2+通道,使Ca2+流入细胞内,导致内皮细胞骨架重排;内皮细胞骨架重排造成细胞收缩,细胞间隙增大,最终导致内皮细胞通透性增加12-13。内皮屏障的破坏是脓毒症重要的病理生理机制14。同样,重度烧伤后,革兰阴性菌释放的内毒素诱导血管内皮损伤,使得血管屏障破坏,通透性增加,血清HBP水平升高。此外有研究5表明,脓毒症患者HBP水平在对快速诊断早期的严重细菌感染方面有重要价值,并且是有效评估脓毒症患者疾病严重程度的生物标志物;在脓毒症休克患者的早期诊断和疗效监测中尤其重要。目前,HBP的诊断价值在尿路感染、重症胰腺炎、糖尿病酮症酸中毒和新型冠状病毒感染重症患者等中均有报道15-18。但对烧伤临床而言,HBP的检测、水平分析和作用评估目前鲜有报道。

近期一项meta分析19显示,HBP诊断脓毒症的合并敏感度为0.85(95%CI 0.79~0.90),合并特异度为0.91(95%CI 0.82~0.96),均高于PCT和CRP,因此HBP在脓毒症的诊断中较PCT及CRP有更高的价值。此外,一项来自瑞典、美国和加拿大的国际多中心研究20收集了759例疑似感染患者的血浆标本,检测其在12~24 h后HBP、PCT、CRP、乳酸水平和WBC计数;研究显示487例患者中有141例在72 h内发展为器官功能障碍综合征,其中78%的患者在发生器官功能障碍综合征之前血浆HBP水平升高(>30 ng/mL);与PCT、CRP、乳酸水平和WBC计数相比,HBP是最佳的诊断和预警器官功能障碍的生物标志物。本研究显示,与非脓毒症组相比,重度烧伤患者脓毒症组HBP水平较高;并且HBP在脓毒症休克组比脓毒症无休克组高,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线也表明,HBP对不良预后结局有一定的预警价值。以上结果提示随着脓毒症病情的加重,血清HBP表达水平也逐渐增加,从而导致炎症细胞集聚及血管通透性增加,加重机体组织损伤,继而发生脓毒症休克。另外本研究结果显示,死亡组的重度烧伤患者HBP水平高于存活组,提示HBP能够一定程度上预测重度烧伤患者的转归情况。Logistic回归分析显示,HBP水平是重度烧伤患者死亡的独立危险因素,这一结果与KAHN等21的观点相同;ROC曲线也证实HBP对重度烧伤患者的预后有一定预警价值。

APACHE Ⅱ和SOFA评分可反映各器官在急性与慢性疾病中损伤的严重程度。本研究结果显示重度烧伤患者APACHE Ⅱ评分在死亡组和存活组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),APACHE Ⅱ与SOFA评分在患者是否发生脓毒症中的差异也具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。由此可见APACHE Ⅱ和SOFA评分对重度烧伤患者的预后具有一定的预警价值。但APACHE Ⅱ及SOFA评分系统中的资料相对较多且计算繁琐,易受主观因素影响,导致此2种评分对患者预后结局的预测出现过高或过低的现象,这与KNAUS等8在临床中的发现一致。因此若想获得相对准确的评分,需要动态观察患者情况,否则容易出现偏差。相对而言,HBP作为一项简便的实验室指标,不受主观因素的影响,在预测重度烧伤患者不良预后上更具有优势。

本研究仍存在一些局限性。首先,本研究是单中心的回顾性研究,只涉及单一科室的单病种患者,且纳入病例相对较少,未来可进一步扩大样本量进行探索。其次,本研究中设计记录的时间点是研究者通过临床观察选择记录,在其他时间点是否具有类似预警价值需要进一步研究。因此设计一个多中心前瞻性研究对于全面了解HBP在预测烧伤患者脓毒症发生及其预后的潜力是非常有价值的。

综上,住院48 h内的血清HBP表达水平可用于评估重度烧伤患者的预后,有助于临床医师尽早采取干预措施,防止患者死亡和脓毒症休克的发生。

作者贡献声明

宋晨璐负责数据收集和分析,向军参与数据分析,杨惠忠负责稿件的起草或修改。所有作者均阅读并同意了最终稿件的提交。

AUTHOR's CONTRIBUTIONS

SONG Chenlu was responsible for data collection and analysis. XIANG Jun was involved in the data analysis. YANG Huizhong was responsible for manuscript drafting and revising. All authors have given final approval of the version to be published.

利益冲突声明

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

COMPETING INTERESTS

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

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