焦虑障碍是以持续过度的恐惧、焦虑和忧虑为特征，并伴有回避行为以及心率加快、呼吸急促和肌肉紧张等躯体症状的精神障碍，也是常见的精神障碍之一。研究显示，早期应激（early life stress，ELS）可通过改变脑结构和功能，增加个体在幼年和成年后罹患焦虑障碍的易感性。目前已有大量文章就ELS相关焦虑障碍的病理生理学机制进行综述，但鲜有关于该类焦虑障碍的干预技术的报道。在经历ELS的个体中，触觉剥夺现象普遍存在。现有的关于情感性触觉与焦虑障碍的研究中，多数提示情感性触觉可作为一种干预ELS相关焦虑障碍的方法。基于此，该文首先对经历ELS的个体的触觉剥夺现象进行介绍，随后就情感性触觉干预ELS相关焦虑障碍的作用进行探讨，接着从神经环路和神经内分泌方面对情感性触觉的作用机制进行总结，以期为ELS相关的焦虑障碍的辅助干预治疗提供参考。
关键词：触觉
;
早期应激
;
焦虑
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are characterized by persistent and excessive fear, anxiety and concern, accompanied by avoidance behaviors and physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, shortness of breath and muscle tension, which is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. Research has shown that early life stress (ELS) can increase individual susceptibility to developing anxiety disorders during childhood and adulthood by modifying brain structure and functions. A large number of papers have reviewed the pathophysiological mechanisms of ELS-related anxiety disorders, while only a few have reviewed interventional techniques for ELS-related anxiety disorders. The phenomenon of tactile deprivation is prevalent in individuals experiencing ELS. Most current researches on affective touch and anxiety disorders suggest that affective touch is an intervention for ELS-related anxiety disorders. The review firstly introduces the phenomenon of touch deprivation in individuals experiencing ELS, discusses the effect of affective touch intervention on ELS-related anxiety disorders, and then summarizes the mechanism of affective touch in terms of neural circuits and neuroendocrinology, in order to provide reference for complementary intervention treatment of ELS-related anxiety disorders.
Keywords：touch
;
early life stress (ELS)
;
anxiety
LIAO Bingbing, WANG Zhen. Research progress of affective touch intervention on early life stress-related anxiety disorders. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2024, 44(5): 647-652 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.05.014
焦虑障碍是常见的精神障碍之一，据流行病学调查数据显示我国成人焦虑障碍的终生患病率为7.57%［1］。早期应激（early life stress，ELS）是指个体在发育早期遭受的超出其应对能力的不良事件，包括情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待等［2］。ELS被广泛认为与焦虑障碍的发病有密切的关联。FERNANDES等［3］发现，经历早期情绪创伤的个体成年后患焦虑障碍的风险是健康个体的2.6倍。同时，TEICHER等［4］发现，相较于没有ELS经历的抑郁症、焦虑障碍、物质使用障碍类患者，有ELS经历的患者的发病年龄更早、症状更严重、合并症更多且自杀风险更高。临床上，焦虑障碍的相关药物在疗效方面尚存在争议，且认知行为疗法也存在普及性相对较低等缺点［5］，因此探索潜在的焦虑障碍的干预和治疗方案十分必要。近年来，已有不少学者就情感性触觉对焦虑障碍的干预作用和机制研究进行分析，本文拟对该相关研究进行综述，以期为ELS相关焦虑障碍的临床干预技术的开发提供新的方向。
LIAO Bingbing was responsible for literature search and article writing. WANG Zhen was responsible for guiding article writing and participated in paper revision. Both of them have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.
利益冲突声明
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
COMPETING INTERESTS
All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.
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... 焦虑障碍是常见的精神障碍之一，据流行病学调查数据显示我国成人焦虑障碍的终生患病率为7.57%［1］.早期应激（early life stress，ELS）是指个体在发育早期遭受的超出其应对能力的不良事件，包括情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待等［2］.ELS被广泛认为与焦虑障碍的发病有密切的关联.FERNANDES等［3］发现，经历早期情绪创伤的个体成年后患焦虑障碍的风险是健康个体的2.6倍.同时，TEICHER等［4］发现，相较于没有ELS经历的抑郁症、焦虑障碍、物质使用障碍类患者，有ELS经历的患者的发病年龄更早、症状更严重、合并症更多且自杀风险更高.临床上，焦虑障碍的相关药物在疗效方面尚存在争议，且认知行为疗法也存在普及性相对较低等缺点［5］，因此探索潜在的焦虑障碍的干预和治疗方案十分必要.近年来，已有不少学者就情感性触觉对焦虑障碍的干预作用和机制研究进行分析，本文拟对该相关研究进行综述，以期为ELS相关焦虑障碍的临床干预技术的开发提供新的方向. ...
1
... 焦虑障碍是常见的精神障碍之一，据流行病学调查数据显示我国成人焦虑障碍的终生患病率为7.57%［1］.早期应激（early life stress，ELS）是指个体在发育早期遭受的超出其应对能力的不良事件，包括情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待等［2］.ELS被广泛认为与焦虑障碍的发病有密切的关联.FERNANDES等［3］发现，经历早期情绪创伤的个体成年后患焦虑障碍的风险是健康个体的2.6倍.同时，TEICHER等［4］发现，相较于没有ELS经历的抑郁症、焦虑障碍、物质使用障碍类患者，有ELS经历的患者的发病年龄更早、症状更严重、合并症更多且自杀风险更高.临床上，焦虑障碍的相关药物在疗效方面尚存在争议，且认知行为疗法也存在普及性相对较低等缺点［5］，因此探索潜在的焦虑障碍的干预和治疗方案十分必要.近年来，已有不少学者就情感性触觉对焦虑障碍的干预作用和机制研究进行分析，本文拟对该相关研究进行综述，以期为ELS相关焦虑障碍的临床干预技术的开发提供新的方向. ...
1
... 焦虑障碍是常见的精神障碍之一，据流行病学调查数据显示我国成人焦虑障碍的终生患病率为7.57%［1］.早期应激（early life stress，ELS）是指个体在发育早期遭受的超出其应对能力的不良事件，包括情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待等［2］.ELS被广泛认为与焦虑障碍的发病有密切的关联.FERNANDES等［3］发现，经历早期情绪创伤的个体成年后患焦虑障碍的风险是健康个体的2.6倍.同时，TEICHER等［4］发现，相较于没有ELS经历的抑郁症、焦虑障碍、物质使用障碍类患者，有ELS经历的患者的发病年龄更早、症状更严重、合并症更多且自杀风险更高.临床上，焦虑障碍的相关药物在疗效方面尚存在争议，且认知行为疗法也存在普及性相对较低等缺点［5］，因此探索潜在的焦虑障碍的干预和治疗方案十分必要.近年来，已有不少学者就情感性触觉对焦虑障碍的干预作用和机制研究进行分析，本文拟对该相关研究进行综述，以期为ELS相关焦虑障碍的临床干预技术的开发提供新的方向. ...
1
... 焦虑障碍是常见的精神障碍之一，据流行病学调查数据显示我国成人焦虑障碍的终生患病率为7.57%［1］.早期应激（early life stress，ELS）是指个体在发育早期遭受的超出其应对能力的不良事件，包括情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待等［2］.ELS被广泛认为与焦虑障碍的发病有密切的关联.FERNANDES等［3］发现，经历早期情绪创伤的个体成年后患焦虑障碍的风险是健康个体的2.6倍.同时，TEICHER等［4］发现，相较于没有ELS经历的抑郁症、焦虑障碍、物质使用障碍类患者，有ELS经历的患者的发病年龄更早、症状更严重、合并症更多且自杀风险更高.临床上，焦虑障碍的相关药物在疗效方面尚存在争议，且认知行为疗法也存在普及性相对较低等缺点［5］，因此探索潜在的焦虑障碍的干预和治疗方案十分必要.近年来，已有不少学者就情感性触觉对焦虑障碍的干预作用和机制研究进行分析，本文拟对该相关研究进行综述，以期为ELS相关焦虑障碍的临床干预技术的开发提供新的方向. ...
1
... 焦虑障碍是常见的精神障碍之一，据流行病学调查数据显示我国成人焦虑障碍的终生患病率为7.57%［1］.早期应激（early life stress，ELS）是指个体在发育早期遭受的超出其应对能力的不良事件，包括情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待等［2］.ELS被广泛认为与焦虑障碍的发病有密切的关联.FERNANDES等［3］发现，经历早期情绪创伤的个体成年后患焦虑障碍的风险是健康个体的2.6倍.同时，TEICHER等［4］发现，相较于没有ELS经历的抑郁症、焦虑障碍、物质使用障碍类患者，有ELS经历的患者的发病年龄更早、症状更严重、合并症更多且自杀风险更高.临床上，焦虑障碍的相关药物在疗效方面尚存在争议，且认知行为疗法也存在普及性相对较低等缺点［5］，因此探索潜在的焦虑障碍的干预和治疗方案十分必要.近年来，已有不少学者就情感性触觉对焦虑障碍的干预作用和机制研究进行分析，本文拟对该相关研究进行综述，以期为ELS相关焦虑障碍的临床干预技术的开发提供新的方向. ...
