上海交通大学学报（医学版）

上海交通大学学报（医学版）

• 论著（临床研究） • 上一篇    下一篇

小学生注意缺陷多动障碍的危险因素分析

刘 欣1,2，季忆婷1,2，李生慧2，江 帆1,2，沈晓明2，马 骏1，李 斐1,2   

  1. 1. 上海交通大学 医学院附属上海儿童医学中心发育行为儿科，上海 200127；2.教育部和上海市环境与儿童健康重点实验室，上海 200092
  • 出版日期:2016-08-29 发布日期:2016-08-31
  • 通讯作者: 马 骏，电子信箱：kcb.163@163.com；李 斐，电子信箱：feili@shsmu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:刘 欣（1990—），女，硕士生；电子信箱：liuxin_525l@163.com。
  • 基金资助:

    上海市教育委员会高峰高原学科建设计划（20152234）；上海儿童医学中心—雅培/世界健康基金会科研项目

Analysis of risk factors for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in pupils

LIU Xin1,2, JI Yi-ting1,2, LI Sheng-hui2, JIANG Fan1,2, Shen Xiao-ming2, MA Jun1, LI Fei1,2   

  1. 1. Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; 2. MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Online:2016-08-29 Published:2016-08-31
  • Supported by:

    Shanghai Municipal Education Commission—Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support，20152234；Shanghai Children’s Medical Center—Abbott/Project HOPE

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摘要：

目的·探索小学不同阶段注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患病率的分布情况，并分析学龄儿童患病的危险因素。方法·采用分级整群抽样的方法在上海、广州、西安等9个城市进行家长问卷调查儿童ADHD诊断史及一般情况。将小学6个年级分为3个年级阶段：1～2年级、3～4年级、5～6年级。统计3个年级阶段ADHD患病率、ADHD与非ADHD儿童自感学业压力比例及不同年龄入学儿童ADHD患病率差异，建立Logistic回归模型分析ADHD患病的危险因素。结果·不同年级阶段儿童ADHD患病率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），其中3～4年级阶段儿童ADHD患病率最高，为5.2%。在调整了儿童性别、父母亲教育程度、分娩方式等因素后，3～4年级阶段、儿童提前入学、儿童读书自感压力是ADHD患病的危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论·3～4年级阶段、提前入学（<6岁）、读书自感压力的儿童患ADHD的风险增加。

关键词: 注意缺陷多动障碍, 患病率, 入学年龄, 读书自感压力

Abstract:

Objective · To explore the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in different grades of pupils and analyze the risk factors for ADHD in school-aged children. Methods · The diagnosis history of ADHD and general information of children in nine cities such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi’an, etc. were collected from their parents by questionnaires with the use of cluster-stratified method. Six grades in primary schools were assigned to 3 groups, i.e. the grade 1 and 2 group, grade 3 and 4 group, and grade 5 and 6 group. Prevalence of ADHD in 3 groups and differences in study pressure between children with and without ADHD and in prevalence of ADHD between children with different enrollment ages were calculated. Risk factors related to the prevalence of ADHD were analyzed by Logistic regression model. Results · The difference in the prevalence of ADHD between three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The prevalence of ADHD in the grade 3 and 4 group was the highest (5.2%). Grade 3 and 4, earlier school enrollment, and study pressure were risk factors for the prevalence of ADHD after adjustment of sex, education of parents, delivery method, etc. Conclusion · Grade 3 and 4, earlier school enrollment (<6 years of age), and study pressure increase the risk of ADH in pupils.

Key words: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, prevalence, school enrollment, study pressure