目的 探讨新疆汉族鼻咽癌患者HLA-A*02等位基因及其亚型的表达与鼻咽癌发病的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应/序列特异性引物（PCR-SSP）的方法对63例新疆汉族鼻咽癌患者和51名汉族健康志愿者HLA-A等位基因进行分析，比较2组HLA-A*02等位基因及其亚型的差异。结果 鼻咽癌患者共检出HLA-A*02等位基因51个（频率39.7%），健康人群检出HLA-A*02等位基因17个（频率16.7%），2组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）；鼻咽癌患者共检出7个HLA-A*02等位基因亚型，健康人群检出4个等位基因亚型，2组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），各亚型构成比比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 HLA-A*02等位基因与新疆汉族鼻咽癌患者的发病有关，新疆鼻咽癌患者HLA-A*02等位基因亚型分布存在自身特点。

Objective To explore the relationship between the polymorphism of allele HLA-A*02 and the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) of Han patients in Xinjiang. Methods Polymerase chain reaction/sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) method was adopted to analyze HLA-A alleles of 63 Han patients with NPC in Xinjiang and 51 health Han volunteers. The differences of allele HLA-A*02 and its subtypes of two groups were compared. Results The frequency of allele HLAA*02 in NPC patients was 39.7% (51/126) and the frequency of allele HLA-A*02 in healthy people was 16.7% (17/102). The difference was statistically significant (P=0.002). Seven subtypes of allele HLA-A*02 were detected in NPC patients and 4 subtypes of allele HLA-A*02 were detected in healthy people. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The differences of constituent ratios of subtypes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The allele HLA-A*02 is relevant to the incidence of NPC of Han patients in Xinjiang. The distribution of subtypes of allele HLA-A*02 of NPC patients in Xinjiang have their own features.