斑马鱼是研究造血和血液疾病的理想动物模型，广泛应用于研究造血干细胞（HSCs）的发生和迁移、HSCs与微环境的相互作用以及血液疾病的发病机制。研究表明，低氧应激信号通路对于HSCs的体内发育及其体外培养和扩增都起到重要作用。该信号通路中的关键因子及其对下游基因的调控机制在人和斑马鱼之间具有很高的保守性。作为小鼠模型的互补，用斑马鱼进行这方面的研究显示了一些独特的优势。利用斑马鱼模型研究低氧应激在造血和血液疾病中的作用，将有助于进一步理解造血和血液疾病发生的机制，并为血液疾病的治疗提供新的思路。

Zebrafish, an ideal animal model for studying human hematopoiesis and hematopoietic diseases, has been widely used to study occurrence and migration of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), interaction between HSCs and microenvironment, as well as pathogenesis of hematopoietic diseases. Recent studies revealed that the hypoxic stress signaling pathway plays an essential role in in vivo development and in vitro culture and expansion of HSCs. The key factors in this signaling pathway and the mechanisms of regulating downstream target genes are considerably conserved between human and zebrafish. As a complement to mouse models, zebrafish presents some distinct advantages for studies on this area. Utilization of the zebrafish model for studying the role of hypoxic stress in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic diseases should be helpful for further understanding the mechanisms of hematopoiesis and the occurrence of hematopoietic diseases and provide novel ideas for the treatment of hematopoietic diseases.