多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome，PCOS）是一种病因复杂的妇科内分泌疾病，严重影响女性的生育功能，其发病机制尚未明确。近年来，肠道菌群成为感染性、免疫性以及代谢性疾病的研究热点。同时，越来越多的研究证实肠道菌群能调控胰岛素的合成与分泌，影响雄激素的代谢和卵泡发育。这为揭示PCOS的病因提供了新思路。因此，纠正肠道内环境、改善异常代谢活动的粪菌移植可能成为PCOS治疗的新手段。该文综述了肠道菌群在PCOS发生和发展中作用的研究进展。

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecologic endocrine disorder with complex etiology and pathogenesis. Many women of reproductive age are influencedthis disease due to infertility. The pathogenesis of PCOS remains unclear despite increasing studies in recent years. It is generally accepted that insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and abnormal follicle development play a pivotal role in PCOS. Gut microbiota becomes a research hotspot in the aspect of infectious, immune and metabolic diseases recently. Previous studies have found that gut microbiota could modulate the synthesis and secretion of insulin, and affect metabolism of androgen and follicle development, providing us a new idea for unravelling the pathogenesis of PCOS. Based on these researches, fecal microbiota transplantation may be a promising treatment in rectifying intestinal microecology imbalance and improving metabolism. This paper reviewed recent research advances in the roles of gut microbiota in the occurrence and development of PCOS.