特发性黄斑裂孔（ idiopathic macular hole，IMH）指不明原因的黄斑区神经上皮层全层缺损，目前玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除已成为治疗 IMH的常规术式。影响手术预后的可能因素有很多，包括年龄、性别、病程、术前视力、裂孔分期、裂孔直径、多种 MH指数、玻璃体手术方式、染色剂、玻璃体腔填充物、术后卧位、椭圆体带恢复情况等。综合评估这些影响预后的因素，有助于临床上推测患者的大致恢复情况，便于同患者解释与沟通。在进行新的相关临床研究时，也能够排除混杂因素的影响。此外，仍需要进行更多的前瞻性临床试验，得出更高质量的临床证据。

Idiopathic macular hole (IMH) refers to full thickness defects of retinal neuroepithelial layer in macular area without clear reasons, and par plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) has been routine operation to treat IMH. There are many possible factors influencing the prognosis of surgery, including age, sex, duration of disease, visual acuity before operation, stage and diameter of IMH, various MH index, surgical techniques, dyeing agent, vitreous tamponade, head position after operation, recoverment of ellipsoid zone, and so on. A comprehensive analysis of these prognostic factors could contribute to predict the patients’ recoverment and communicate better with patients. It could also help to exclude confounding factors when the new clinical trials were conducted. Furthermore, more prospective clinical trials are needed to obtain high quality evidence.