在冠状动脉介入治疗领域，药物涂层球囊（drug-coated balloon，DCB）是一项新兴的技术。DCB的发展旨在克服药物洗脱支架（drug-eluting stent，DES）的不足之处。DES的缺点在于其在某些病变处无法植入；DES植入后，需要长时程的双联抗血小板治疗,从而导致出血风险增加；而且，DES植入后，血管内皮修复缓慢，从而晚期和极晚期支架内血栓风险增加。目前，已有许多临床试验证实了DCB的安全性和有效性，特别是DCB在冠状动脉小血管中的应用。文章对DCB的基本概念、发展和演变，以及DCB在冠状动脉小血管中应用的相关临床研究进行综述。

Drug-coated balloons (DCB) have emerged as a new application in percutaneous coronary intervention. It is developed to circumvent some of the limitations faceddrug-eluting stents (DES). DES has some limitations, as follows: it could not be implanted in some lesions; bleeding risks are associated with prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy; risks of late and very late stent thrombosis increase. Many clinical trials had confirmed the efficacy and safety of DCB, particularly, the application of DCB in coronary small vessel diseases. This review discussed the basic concept, development, evolution of DCB and some clinical studies associated with the application of DCB in coronary small vessel diseases.