目的·初步探讨巴豆酰化修饰是否可以作为前列腺癌诊断的肿瘤标志物及其与前列腺癌分期和分级的相关性。方法·含有不同临床分期、分级的前列腺癌组织芯片73例，正常前列腺组织7例，利用免疫组织化学技术分别检测各样本中巴豆酰化修饰和组蛋白H4乙酰化修饰水平（H-Score评分），并进行组间比较和相关性分析。结果·巴豆酰化修饰水平在前列腺癌组织中较低，与正常前列腺组织比较，差异有统计学意义（P0.001）；而组蛋白H4乙酰化修饰水平组间比较差异无统计学意义（P0.704）。不同临床分期、分级的前列腺癌组间比较，巴豆酰化修饰和组蛋白H4乙酰化修饰水平差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。H4乙酰化修饰与前列腺癌的分期、分级无相关性（P>0.05）；巴豆酰化修饰与前列腺癌的分期无相关性（P0.887），与前列腺癌分级呈正相关（r0.493，P0.000）。结论·相比较组蛋白H4乙酰化修饰，巴豆酰化修饰可以作为一种更好的诊断前列腺癌的肿瘤标志物。

Objective · To study whether lysine crotonylation can be used as a candidate biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis, and its correlation with clinical stages and pathologic grades. Methods · Seventy-three cases of tumor and 7 normal prostate tissues were included in the study. The global levels of lysine crotonylation and histone H4 acetylation were detected in each sampleimmunohistochemistry. Statistical comparison and correlation analysis were performed. Results · Compared with normal prostate tissue, the global level of lysine crotonylation was significantly reduced in prostate cancer tissue (P0.001), while histone H4 acetylation levels were close to each other in two groups (P0.704). No statistical difference in the levels of lysine crotonylation or histone H4 acetylation were found in different clinical stages and pathologic grades (P>0.05).There was no correlation between histone H4 acetylation and clinicalstagesorpathologicgradesofprostatecancer.Therewasapositivecorrelationbetweenlysinecrotonylationandthegradingofprostatecancer(r0.493, P0.000). Conclusion · Compared to histone H4 acetylation, lysine crotonylation is a better candidate biomarker to diagnose prostate cancer.